Functionally graded materials for space exploration: from sample to propulsion prototype
Matériaux à gradient de propriétés pour la propulsion spatiale: de l'échantillon au prototype
Résumé
Numerous in-space missions require high-thrust engines with minimal propellant consumption. This necessity leads to extremely harsh combustion environments. In response, a collaborative effort between ONERA, CNES, and ICB is ongoing to develop a novel, multi-layered material consisting of ceramic oxide and metal, interconnected via a graded interface to mitigate property discrepancies. Following design optimization of the functionally graded material (FGM), customized Air Plasma Spray (APS) techniques were used to achieve a more uniform gradient. Promising results from laser testing and combustion trials on coupon specimens have demonstrated exceptional thermal resistance: up to 2500 K in vacuum conditions, 2000 K in water vapor, and 3200 K in H2/O2 combustion gases. The project's next stage involves manufacturing and testing a representative nozzle prototype.