Article Dans Une Revue Food Analytical Methods Année : 2026

Wine Authenticity Controls: Analytical Methods, Data Integration and Emerging Perspectives

Résumé

Wine authentication is crucial for protecting producers and consumers from fraudulent practices. This review summarises the analytical methods used to assess wine authenticity, including organoleptic, genetic and physicochemical approaches in relation to traceability of adulteration, varietal identification, geographical origin and vintage. Organoleptic methods through sensory analysis offer a holistic view of wine quality but face challenges in terms of subjectivity and standardisation that should be addressed in the future; moreover, some alternatives are raised by electronic sensors. Genetic-based methods, involving DNA analysis, are highly specific for identifying varietal origin but require complex extraction and marker selection. Physicochemical methods encompass a wide range of techniques, including elemental analysis, molecular analysis and radioisotopic dating. Elemental analysis techniques, such as isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), site-specific natural isotope fractionation-nuclear magnetic resonance (SNIF-NMR) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), provide valuable information on the geographical origin and adulteration of wines. Molecular analysis methods, including optical spectroscopies, MS coupled with chromatography and NMR, enable the identification of wine components and the assessment of varietal origin, geographical origin and vintage. Challenges include the construction and management of databases, the need for harmonised analytical methods and the interpretation of complex data. Promising perspectives involve the integration of multiple analytical techniques through data fusion and the application of advanced modelling strategies, such as machine learning, to enhance the accuracy and reliability of wine authentication. Ongoing advancements in technology and harmonisation efforts offer opportunities for developing a robust and legally defensible framework for wine authentication.

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Dates et versions

hal-05530291 , version 1 (27-02-2026)

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Guillaume Leleu, Rémi Butelle, Patricia Homobono Brito de Moura, Josep Valls-Fonayet, Grégory da Costa, et al.. Wine Authenticity Controls: Analytical Methods, Data Integration and Emerging Perspectives. Food Analytical Methods, 2026, 19 (2), pp.98. ⟨10.1007/s12161-026-03027-6⟩. ⟨hal-05530291⟩
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