Induction of the Viable but non-culturable state by an alkyl dipropylene triamine-based disinfectant in Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilms
Résumé
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic foodborne pathogen capable of persisting throughout the seafood production chain, from aquaculture farms to processing facilities, by forming biofilms conferring increased tolerance to disinfectants. In this study, the impact of N-(3-aminopropyl)-Ndodecylpropane-1,3-diamine (APDA) was assessed by epifluorescence microscopy on the viability and structure of biofilms formed by 5 strains from a cohort of 14 V. parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood products. While with crystal violet staining most strains did not form biofilms on polystyrene microplates, structured biofilms readily formed on stainless steel surfaces, commonly used in seafood processing environments. Treatment with 300 µg•mL⁻¹ of APDA induced changes in biofilm architecture, with the emergence of cell aggregates observable by microscopy. Although a significant reduction in cultivable cells was observed, qPCR and PMA-qPCR showed that viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells persisted across all strains, raising the risk of bacterial resuscitation. Two strains maintained low levels of cultivable cells post-treatment, suggesting potential tolerance to APDA. These results indicate that although APDA reduces bacterial cultivability, it does not ensure complete biofilm eradication and may promote persistence through structural changes and VBNC induction. This highlights the need for integrated approaches to effectively control V. parahaemolyticus in seafood processing environments.
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