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                <term xml:lang="en">permafrost</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">permafrost</term>
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              <p>The degradation of permafrost enhances the occurrence of landslide in mountain environments. Therefore, predicting permafrost boundaries is crucial to mitigate hazards to populations and infrastructures. In the present study we investigate the Eyjafirði talus slope (Tröllaskagi peninsula, Iceland), from which a landslide occurred in 2020. Although this talus slope is located outside of the permafrost climatic boundaries, geomorphological evidence points towards an involvement of degradation of azonal permafrost in the generation of the landslide. However, the thermal dynamics of talus slopes is currently poorly understood, as air convection (the 'chimney effect') can play a role in the persistence of permafrost at the base of talus slopes. We use the commercial software FEFLOW to run two-dimensional (2D) physical-based simulations of heat transfer within a cross-section of the Eyjafirði talus slope. We create forcing temperature time series by statistical reconstruction (back to November 1881) and modelling (back to -20,000 years), based on temperature measurements acquired in 2021-2022. We explore the sensitivity of our model to i. the initial porosity/ice content of the talus slope (0.3, 0.5 and 0.8), and ii. the thermal conductivity (TC) of the rock phase (0.75, 1.1 and 1.75 W.m -1 .K -1 ). Our temperature measurements show that a chimney effect indeed occurs at the Eyjafirði talus slope. Although our modelling approach does not simulate air convection itself, permafrost indeed persists at the base of the talus slope in all model scenarios. Increasing the initial porosity/ice content and decreasing the TC of the rock phase generates a larger zone with sub-zero temperatures at the base of the talus slope, which leads to a larger zone where ground ice persists with an overall higher ice content. Our approach is unconventional as we initially know that ground ice was present in the Eyjafirði talus slope at the time of the landslide; it allows us to attest that the permafrost dynamics in the talus slope is best represented by our most ice-conservative scenarioi.e. with a TC = 0.75 W.m -1 .K -1 . Such a low TC is atypical based on the literature; we suggest that this low value could have partly compensated for the cooling effect of air convection (i.e. chimney effect).</p>
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              <p>Dans cet article, nous étudions la pente d’éboulis d'Eyjafirði (péninsule de Tröllaskagi, Islande du nord), où un glissement de terrain (une avalanche de débris) s'est produit en octobre 2020. Cet éboulis est situé en dehors des limites climatiques du permafrost, mais des indices géomorphologiques (i.e., des molards présents dans les dépôts de glissement) indiquent que la dégradation de permafrost azonal pourrait faire partie des facteurs déclenchants du glissement de terrain. La dynamique thermique des éboulis est actuellement mal comprise, car la convection de l'air (effet de cheminée) joue un rôle dans la persistance du pergélisol à leur base.Nous utilisons donc le logiciel FEFLOW pour effectuer des simulations physiques en deux dimensions du transfert de chaleur dans l’éboulis d'Eyjafirði, de -20 000 ans à l’actuel. Nous testons la sensibilité de notre modèle à la porosité initiale/la teneur en glace de l’éboulis (0,3, 0,5 et 0,8), et la conductivité thermique (TC) de la phase rocheuse (0,75, 1,1 et 1,75 W.m-1.K-1).L’analyse des températures de l’air montre un réchauffement général depuis les dernières ~ 40 années, soutenant l’hypothèse que la dégradation de permafrost pourrait faire partie des facteurs déclenchant du glissement de terrain. Bien que nous ne modélisions pas la convection de l'air, le pergélisol persiste à la base de l'éboulis dans tous les scénarios. L'augmentation de la porosité initiale/de la teneur en glace et la diminution de la TC de la phase rocheuse intensifient cette persistance du pergélisol dans l'éboulis. Notre approche n'est pas conventionnelle, car nous savons que de la glace était présente dans l’éboulis au moment du glissement de terrain. Nous en déduisons donc que la dynamique du pergélisol dans l’éboulis d’Eyjafirði est donc mieux représentée par le scénario avec une TC de 0,75 W.m-1.K-1.</p>
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