Article Dans Une Revue International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Année : 2025

The emergence of AI in public health is calling for operational ethics to foster responsible uses

L'émergence de l'IA dans le domaine de la santé publique nécessite la mise en place d'une éthique opérationnelle afin de favoriser une utilisation responsable.

Résumé

The paper discusses the responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI) in public health and in medicine, and questions the development of AI ethics in international guidelines in a public health perspective. How a global ethics approach can help conceiving responsible AI development and use for improving public health? By analysing key international guidelines in AI ethics (UNESCO, WHO, European High-Level Expert Group on AI) and available literature, the paper advocates for conceiving proper ethical and legal frameworks and implementation tools for AI in public health, based on pragmatic risk-based approach. It highlights how AI ethical principles meets public health objectives and focus on their value by addressing the meaning of human-centred innovations, transparency, accountability, diversity, equity, privacy protection, technical robustness, environmental protection, and post-marketing surveillance. It concludes that AI technology can reconcile individual and collective ethical approaches to public health, but requires specific legal frameworks and interdisciplinary efforts. Prospects include the development of supporting data infrastructures, of stakeholders' involvement to ensure long-term commitment and trust, of public and users' education, and of international organisations capacity to coordinate and monitor AI developments. It formulates a proposal to reflect on an integrated transparent public health functionality in digital applications processing data.

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hal-05392792 , version 1 (02-12-2025)

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Gauthier Chassang, Jérôme Béranger, Emmanuelle Rial-Sebbag. The emergence of AI in public health is calling for operational ethics to foster responsible uses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2025, 22 (4), pp.568. ⟨10.3390/ijerph22040568⟩. ⟨hal-05392792⟩
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