<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-05383967</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-04-27T04:01:40+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Experimental observation of the spatio-temporal dynamics of breather gases in a recirculating fiber loop</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">François</forename>
                <surname>Copie</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">57a668eea94fc0f88b9251596f659dd1</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-lille.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">francois-copie</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">180533</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">46807-180533</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-2326</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/224074393</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=I9ZH4RQAAAAJ</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-579593"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-43887"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Gino</forename>
                <surname>Biondini</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1614443</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1729098-1614443</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3835-1343</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1152761"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Jeffrey</forename>
                <surname>Oregero</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">3909970-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-87313"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Gennady</forename>
                <surname>El</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1338187</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">978004-1338187</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1962-5388</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-524641"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Pierre</forename>
                <surname>Suret</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">d4f295e5da6a469990af0eb8b870f4cd</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-lille1.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">pierre-suret</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">3300</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">6931-3300</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/158264258</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3527-4434</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-43887"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-579593"/>
            </author>
            <author role="crp">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Stéphane</forename>
                <surname>Randoux</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">c361102065aab0f4b6fc979094ade8b1</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-lille.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1187778</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">440424-1187778</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9309-6539</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-579593"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-43887"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>François</forename>
                <surname>Copie</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">57a668eea94fc0f88b9251596f659dd1</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-lille.fr</email>
            </editor>
            <funder ref="#projanr-56101"/>
            <funder ref="#projanr-57171"/>
            <funder ref="#projanr-38035"/>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2025-11-26 15:36:58</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-12-12 03:22:51</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2025-12-10 11:33:22</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2025-11-10</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2025-11-26</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-05383967v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2025-11-26"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-05383967v1/file/BG_loop_for_hal.pdf" id="file-5383967-4607483">
                <date notBefore="2025-11-26"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="651305">
                <persName>
                  <forename>François</forename>
                  <surname>Copie</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">57a668eea94fc0f88b9251596f659dd1</email>
                <email type="domain">univ-lille.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-05383967</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-05383967</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">copie:hal-05383967</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Optics Letters&lt;/i&gt;, 2025, 50 (22), pp.7043. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.572781"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1364/OL.572781&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Optics Letters, 2025, 50 (22), pp.7043. &amp;#x27E8;10.1364/OL.572781&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0 - Attribution<ref corresp="#file-5383967-4607483"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LILLE">Université de Lille</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PHLAM">Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PHLAM-DYSCO" corresp="PHLAM">PhLAM - DYnamique des Systèmes COmplexes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ANR">ANR</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ANR-OCEANS-19TO21" corresp="ANR-OCEANS">ANR-OCEANS-19TO21</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ANR-OCEANS">ANR-OCEANS</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ANR_QUANTIQUE">ANR QUANTIQUE</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ANR_QUANTIQUE_1" corresp="ANR_QUANTIQUE">ANR_QUANTIQUE_1</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ANR_QUANTIQUE_3" corresp="ANR_QUANTIQUE">ANR_QUANTIQUE_3</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Experimental observation of the spatio-temporal dynamics of breather gases in a recirculating fiber loop</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">François</forename>
                    <surname>Copie</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">57a668eea94fc0f88b9251596f659dd1</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-lille.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">francois-copie</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">180533</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">46807-180533</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-2326</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/224074393</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=I9ZH4RQAAAAJ</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-579593"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-43887"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Gino</forename>
                    <surname>Biondini</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1614443</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1729098-1614443</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3835-1343</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1152761"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Jeffrey</forename>
                    <surname>Oregero</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">3909970-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-87313"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Gennady</forename>
                    <surname>El</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1338187</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">978004-1338187</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1962-5388</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-524641"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Pierre</forename>
                    <surname>Suret</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">d4f295e5da6a469990af0eb8b870f4cd</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-lille1.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">pierre-suret</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">3300</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">6931-3300</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/158264258</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3527-4434</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-43887"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-579593"/>
                </author>
                <author role="crp">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Stéphane</forename>
                    <surname>Randoux</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">c361102065aab0f4b6fc979094ade8b1</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-lille.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1187778</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">440424-1187778</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9309-6539</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-579593"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-43887"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">7617</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0146-9592</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1539-4794</idno>
                <title level="j">Optics Letters</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Optical Society of America - OSA Publishing</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">50</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">22</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">7043</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2025-11-10</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1364/OL.572781</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="nlin.nlin-ps">Nonlinear Sciences [physics]/Pattern Formation and Solitons [nlin.PS]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>We report the experimental observation of breather gases (BGs) in optics, realized in a recirculating fiber loop that enables virtually lossless propagation over 1200 km. Initiated by a slowly modulated optical background perturbed by noise, the BGs form through a nonlinear fission process and demonstrate spatiotemporal dynamics that align closely with numerical simulations of the focusing one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The minimal dissipation in our setup enables a statistical characterization of the BGs and confirms the theoretically predicted doubling of kurtosis during the evolution of the BGs. To our knowledge, these results open new avenues for experimental studies of integrable turbulence involving solitons on a finite background.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-579593" status="VALID">
          <orgName>DYnamique des Systèmes COmplexes</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">DYSCO</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://phlam.univ-lille.fr/recherche/dysco/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-43887" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8523" active="#struct-374570" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR8523" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-43887" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">161618847</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 0368 4014</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">199812851G</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04e89s906</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q3214380</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">PhLAM</orgName>
          <date type="start">1998-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Campus Cité Scientifique - Bât. P5- 2 Avenue Jean Perrin- 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://phlam.univ-lille.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR8523" active="#struct-374570" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8523" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1152761" status="VALID">
          <orgName>State University of New York at Buffalo</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SUNY</orgName>
          <date type="start">1846-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Buffalo, NY 14260</addrLine>
              <country key="US"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.buffalo.edu/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-87313" status="VALID">
          <orgName>University of Kansas [Lawrence]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">KU</orgName>
          <date type="start">1865</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>1450 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045</addrLine>
              <country key="US"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ku.edu/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-524641" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering [Newcastle]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST</addrLine>
              <country key="GB"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-336598" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-374570" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">223446556</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2242 6780</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02kzqn938</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q3551621</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Lille</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>EPE Université de Lille. -- 42 rue Paul Duez, 59000 Lille</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.univ-lille.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-336598" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">077597192</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/049e6bc10</idno>
          <orgName>Northumbria University [Newcastle]</orgName>
          <date type="start">1969-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Newcastle City Campus, 2 Ellison Pl, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom</addrLine>
              <country key="GB"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.northumbria.ac.uk/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
      <listOrg type="projects">
        <org type="anrProject" xml:id="projanr-56101" status="VALID">
          <idno type="anr">ANR-21-CE30-0009</idno>
          <orgName>StormWave</orgName>
          <desc>Observation et manipulation spatio-temporelles d'ondes non-linéaires dans un système de boucle de recirculation fibrée non-dissipatif</desc>
          <date type="start">2021</date>
        </org>
        <org type="anrProject" xml:id="projanr-57171" status="VALID">
          <idno type="anr">ANR-21-CE30-0061</idno>
          <orgName>SOGOOD</orgName>
          <desc>Gaz de solitons en optique et en hydrodynamique</desc>
          <date type="start">2021</date>
        </org>
        <org type="anrProject" xml:id="projanr-38035" status="VALID">
          <idno type="anr">ANR-11-LABX-0007</idno>
          <idno type="program">Laboratoires d'excellence</idno>
          <orgName>CEMPI</orgName>
          <desc>Centre Européen pour les Mathématiques, la Physique et leurs Interactions</desc>
          <date type="start">2011</date>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>