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            <title xml:lang="en">A review of the applications of natural FRCM composites</title>
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            <idno type="stamp" n="PRES_CLERMONT">Université de Clermont</idno>
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              <p>The vulnerability of structures remains a major concern for various stakeholders, from engineers to users. High strength composite materials have been developed to improve the mechanical performance of existing and new structures. Initially, Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP), generally based on carbon fibres, were used. However, due to their many limitations, fabric reinforced mineral matrix composites, also known as Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM), were developed. These materials, also known as Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) or Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM), have been investigated as a promising alternative to FRP for the reinforcement of substrates such as concrete and masonry. Mineral matrix composites offer improved substrate compatibility, enhanced mechanical performance at elevated temperatures and reduced construction material costs compared to FRP. In addition, the use of natural fibres (flax, hemp, jute, sisal) in mineral matrices has grown rapidly due to their mechanical properties and lower environmental impact. This paper reviews the use of natural FRCM in the strengthening of structures and in new construction projects, focusing on their mechanical response, bonding to substrates and different strengthening techniques (flexural, shear, confinement). Key parameters influencing the effectiveness of these systems are described in order to optimise future work. The article also compares the advantages of synthetic and natural FRCM and highlights their limitations. While the scientific literature contains studies on the development of natural FRCM, further research is needed to better understand the impact of various parameters on their effectiveness, the durability of the strengthening system and the influence of high temperatures.</p>
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