<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-05354019</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-04-26T22:41:21+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Quantifying the success of prey crypsis, aposematism and evasiveness in avoiding predators’ attack</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Daniel</forename>
                <surname>Linke</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">700713174e04eed4cff066220418f78e</email>
              <email type="domain">entu.cas.cz</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1435502</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2640790-1435502</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0686-3961</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1051296"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Jacqueline Hernandez</forename>
                <surname>Mejia</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">3875801-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1645530"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Valery</forename>
                <forename type="middle">N P Eche</forename>
                <surname>Navarro</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">3875802-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Prapti</forename>
                <surname>Gohil</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">3875803-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1645532"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">César Ramírez</forename>
                <surname>García</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">3875804-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1645533"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Letty</forename>
                <surname>Salinas</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1435503</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">3875805-1435503</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-595X</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1645530"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Marianne</forename>
                <surname>Elias</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">a335ae64e164a4dbf41d969b1f5105a2</email>
              <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">marianne-elias</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">184890</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">45352-184890</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1250-2353</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/164661654</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-542193"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-62394"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Pável</forename>
                <surname>Matos-Maraví</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">805448</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2139478-805448</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2885-4919</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1051296"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Marianne</forename>
                <surname>Elias</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">a335ae64e164a4dbf41d969b1f5105a2</email>
              <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2025-11-07 14:37:49</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-11-13 03:21:33</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2025-11-12 15:15:23</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2025-11-07</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2025-11-07</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-05354019v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2025-11-07"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-05354019v1/file/Linke%20et%20al%202024%20bioRxiv.pdf" id="file-5354019-4581922">
                <date notBefore="2025-11-07"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="10111">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Marianne</forename>
                  <surname>Elias</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">a335ae64e164a4dbf41d969b1f5105a2</email>
                <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-05354019</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-05354019</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">linke:hal-05354019</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">2025</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">2025</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 - Attribution - Non-commercial use - No Derivative Works<ref corresp="#file-5354019-4581922"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="MNHN">Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="EPHE">École Pratique des Hautes Études</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-AG">Université des Antilles</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ISYEB" corresp="MNHN">Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PSL">Université Paris sciences et lettres</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SORBONNE-UNIV" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sorbonne Université 01/01/2018</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-SCIENCES" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Faculté des Sciences de Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TEST-DEV">TEST-DEV</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="EPHE-PSL" corresp="PSL">École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-TI">Sorbonne Université - Texte Intégral</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ALLIANCE-SU"> Alliance Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INEE-CNRS">Institut écologie et environnement du CNRS</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SUPRA_SCIENCES_NATURELLES">MNHN</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt/>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Quantifying the success of prey crypsis, aposematism and evasiveness in avoiding predators’ attack</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Daniel</forename>
                    <surname>Linke</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">700713174e04eed4cff066220418f78e</email>
                  <email type="domain">entu.cas.cz</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1435502</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2640790-1435502</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0686-3961</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1051296"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Jacqueline Hernandez</forename>
                    <surname>Mejia</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">3875801-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1645530"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Valery</forename>
                    <forename type="middle">N P Eche</forename>
                    <surname>Navarro</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">3875802-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Prapti</forename>
                    <surname>Gohil</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">3875803-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1645532"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">César Ramírez</forename>
                    <surname>García</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">3875804-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1645533"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Letty</forename>
                    <surname>Salinas</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1435503</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">3875805-1435503</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-595X</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1645530"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Marianne</forename>
                    <surname>Elias</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">a335ae64e164a4dbf41d969b1f5105a2</email>
                  <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">marianne-elias</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">184890</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">45352-184890</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1250-2353</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/164661654</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-542193"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-62394"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Pável</forename>
                    <surname>Matos-Maraví</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">805448</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2139478-805448</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2885-4919</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1051296"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <imprint>
                  <date type="datePub">2024-11-03</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="biorxiv">2024.10.31.621260</idno>
              <idno type="doi">10.1101/2024.10.31.621260</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Learnt avoidance behaviour predator-prey-interaction anti-predator defences predation sequence</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Learnt avoidance behaviour</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">predator-prey-interaction</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">anti-predator defences</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">predation sequence</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv">Life Sciences [q-bio]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="UNDEFINED">Preprints, Working Papers, ...</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="UNDEFINED">Preprints, Working Papers, ...</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="UNDEFINED">Preprints, Working Papers, ...</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Abstract Antipredator defences typically act at distinct stages of the predation sequence—encounter, identification, approach, and subjugation. However, their effectiveness has rarely been quantified and compared simultaneously in wild predator-prey systems. We conducted a study in Peru, where we installed aviaries at two localities and recorded the responses of wild avian predators to three types of antipredator defences—crypsis, aposematism, and evasiveness—expressed by three butterfly species. The study included both immature and adult birds from insectivorous species in forest and urban environments. We tested the theoretical expectations that cryptic butterflies (Nymphalidae: Euptychiina) were rarely detected, aposematic Heliconius (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) were often sighted but seldom attacked, and evasive Spicauda (Hesperiidae: Eudaminae) were frequently detected and attacked but evaded capture at higher rates. Despite these distinct defensive strategies, mortality rates among prey types were largely similar, but predator life stage strongly influenced defence effectiveness. Immature birds were more likely to attack Heliconius , possibly reflecting a lack of learned avoidance for aposematic signals. Additionally, predator family influenced predation patterns, with more skilled insectivores (e.g., Vireonidae) showing higher capture success against defended prey. These findings illuminate the evolutionary pressures that shape predator behaviour and prey defences in tropical ecosystems, where high predator diversity possibly maintains the coexistence of multiple defensive strategies. The observed similar mortality rates underscore the adaptive value of these defences, as they collectively distribute the total predation pressure across prey species.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1051296" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05pq4yn02</idno>
          <orgName>Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice</addrLine>
              <country key="CZ"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.bc.cas.cz/en/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-311871" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1645530" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="PE"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1645532" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice,</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="CZ"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1645533" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Instituto de Investigación Biológica de las Cordilleras Orientales, Tarapoto</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INIBICO</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="PE"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-542193" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">191205702</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000403707618</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200511872M</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01dadvw90</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ISYEB</orgName>
          <date type="start">2017-10-09</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>57 rue Cuvier - CP 50 - 75005 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://isyeb.mnhn.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-7512" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-110691" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-413221" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7205" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-524399" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-62394" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Science and Technology Research Institute [Hatfield]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">STRI</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB</addrLine>
              <country key="GB"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-467185" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-311871" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/053avzc18</idno>
          <orgName>Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CAS</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Národní 3, 117 20 Prague 1</addrLine>
              <country key="CZ"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.avcr.cz/en</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-7512" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026394944</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03wkt5x30</idno>
          <orgName>Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">MNHN</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>57, rue Cuvier - 75231 Paris Cedex 05</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.mnhn.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-110691" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026375478</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121955365</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/046b3cj80</idno>
          <orgName>École Pratique des Hautes Études</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">EPHE</orgName>
          <date type="start">1868-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>4-14 Rue Ferrus, 75014 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ephe.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-564132" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">241597595</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 1784 3645</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/013cjyk83</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris Sciences et Lettres</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">PSL</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>60 rue Mazarine 75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.psl.eu/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-413221" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">221333754</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02en5vm52</idno>
          <orgName>Sorbonne Université</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SU</orgName>
          <date type="start">2018-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>21 rue de l’École de médecine - 75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.sorbonne-universite.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-524399" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">187841578</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02ryfmr77</idno>
          <orgName>Université des Antilles</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UA</orgName>
          <date type="start">2015-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Université des Antilles | Fouillole - BP 250 - 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-antilles.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-467185" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0267vjk41</idno>
          <orgName>University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UH</orgName>
          <date type="start">2016-09-27</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>De Havilland Campus, Mosquito Way, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK</addrLine>
              <country key="GB"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.herts.ac.uk/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>