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              <p>Traditional models of the bowed string rely on three main parameters: bow speed, bow force, and bow-bridge distance. While prior work by Schoonderwaldt investigated these parameters using a monochord and bowing machine, this approach was limited to experimental conditions far from realistic performance and focused only on steady-state sounds. To address these limitations, we analyzed recordings of a violinist exploring various playing configurations on two violins. We computed numerous audio descriptors and used statistical tests to identify those most sensitive to parameter variations, examining both steady-state portions and entire notes. Our results confirm that for steady-state sounds, bow force most strongly influences the spectral centroid, followed by bow speed. For notes analyzed in their entirety, however, bow speed emerges as the dominant parameter, strongly correlating with temporal envelope descriptors. Variations in force and distance primarily affect spectral content. This comprehensive descriptor analysis provides a deeper understanding of how a violinist’s gesture modulates the instrument’s sound in a realistic context.</p>
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