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                <term xml:lang="en">Capitalism</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">political theory</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">bureaucracy</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">superstructure</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">social classes</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">political power</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">capitalist state</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">relative autonomy</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Marxism</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">théorie politique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">bureaucratie</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">superstructure</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">classes sociales</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">pouvoir politique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">État capitaliste</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">autonomie relative</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Louis Althusser</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">structuralisme</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">Yves Roucaute</term>
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              <p>Full Professor Yves Roucaute presents, in the Encyclopédie philosophique universelle (1992), Nicos Poulantzas’s work Political Power and Social Classes (1968). Influenced by Althusser but distancing himself from structuralist Marxism and Stalinism, Poulantzas develops the concept of the “relative autonomy” of the political. He rethinks the state superstructure through a methodology progressing from abstract to concrete concepts, distinguishing the political from politics. The capitalist state is thus seen not merely as a class instrument but as a center of power where the bureaucracy plays its own role, reflecting this autonomy.</p>
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              <p>Le Professeur Yves Roucaute présente, dans l’Encyclopédie philosophique universelle (1992), l’œuvre de Nicos Poulantzas Pouvoir politique et classes sociales (1968). Influencé par Althusser mais s’éloignant du marxisme structuraliste et du stalinisme, Poulantzas élabore le concept d’« autonomie relative » du politique. Il repense la superstructure étatique à travers une méthodologie allant des concepts abstraits aux plus concrets et distingue le politique de la politique. L’État capitaliste y apparaît non comme un simple instrument de classe, mais comme un centre d’exercice du pouvoir où la bureaucratie joue un rôle propre reflétant cette autonomie.</p>
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