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                <forename type="first">Yves</forename>
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                <title level="j">Dialectiques</title>
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                  <biblScope unit="volume">La gauche devant la social-démocratie</biblScope>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Second International</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">political vocabulary</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">political discourse</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">history of socialism</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">political alliances</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">political analysis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Third International</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">workers’ parties</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">révisionnisme</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Troisième Internationale</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Seconde Internationale</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">analyse politique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">alliances politiques</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">histoire du socialisme</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">discours politique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">vocabulaire politique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Karl Liebknecht</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">social-démocratie</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Lénine</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Thèses d’avril</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Marx</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Engels</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Kautsky</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Mencheviks</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Bolcheviks</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Bernstein</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">idéologie</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Waldeck Rochet</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Guy Mollet</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Georges Marchais</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Combes</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Jules Guesde</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Max Adler</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">mouvement communiste</term>
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              <p>This article analyzes the vocabulary through which political actors perceive the political field, focusing on terms chosen for strategic effectiveness rather than conceptual precision. The communist use of the term “social democracy” is particularly revealing. Before 1914, it was clearly distinguished from “opportunist,” “revisionist,” or “reformist.” From Lenin and his April Theses onward, its meaning and referent shifted with alliances and oppositions, producing ideological distortions that hinder concrete analysis.</p>
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            <abstract xml:lang="fr">
              <p>Cet article interroge le vocabulaire par lequel les acteurs politiques appréhendent la scène politique, à travers des désignations qui ne sont pas toujours des concepts mais des termes stratégiques, choisis selon les enjeux et les alliances. L’usage du mot « social-démocratie » par le mouvement communiste en est un exemple révélateur. Avant 1914, ce terme était clairement distinct de ceux d’« opportuniste », « révisionniste » ou « réformiste ». À partir de Lénine et de ses Thèses d’avril, son sens et son référent varient considérablement selon les alliances et les rejets, produisant des effets idéologiques pervers qui empêchent toute analyse concrète.</p>
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