Dynamic in situ analysis of modern and ancient flax yarns: Impact of microstructure and aging
Résumé
Flax yarns are widely used in composites and textiles, yet their mechanical performance is limited by factors like microstructure and durability, necessitating in-depth investigation of their tensile behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic response of flax yarns under tensile loading, using in situ SEM tensile testing to reveal realtime failure mechanisms and microstructural behavior. Novelty lies in the unprecedented examination of 4,000year-old Egyptian yarns, offering unique insights into the effects of aging on fiber morphology and strength. This research included single and ply yarns from modern Egypt, France, and ancient Egypt. Findings indicate significant strength differences due to strong morphological variations. Morphological analysis demonstrates that, with aging, ancient yarns exhibit greater number of kink bands and fiber separation, indicating structural weakening and compound middle lamella (CML) degradation. Failure analysis revealed fiber breakage is the primary failure mode in modern yarns, contrasting with combined breakage and slippage in ancient yarns, indicating distinct degradation mechanisms. Kink-bands were identified as critical to tensile behavior, initiating cracks that propagate, causing fiber rupture and subsequent breakage in bundles within yarns. These results highlight the evolution in yarn production and durability, emphasizing the impact of fiber microstructure and aging on performance, contributing essential insights for advancing the mechanical performance of flax-based materials.
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