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              <p>Navigation in unfamiliar environments represents one of the most significant challenges for people with visual impairments (PVI). This affects their autonomy and their ability to participate in daily life activities, such as shopping. To address this issue, we studied where and how a drone can be used as a spatial assistant to complement primary mobility aids such as white canes or guide dogs. We designed an assistive drone through a participatory design process including interviews, focus groups, and simulated Wizard-of-Oz deployments with 21 PVI participants. We concluded this study with expert feedback to validate our co-design. Our results revealed key design elements for an assistive drone, notably the importance of voice guidance, adaptable interaction modes ("Team" and "Explorer" modes), and the need for seamless integration with existing assistive technologies. Our work contributes to the growing field of assistive technologies by detailing the needs and preferences of users for assistive drones, paving the way for the development of more usable solutions that augment, rather than replace, primary mobility aids.</p>
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              <p>La navigation dans des environnements inconnus représente un des défis les plus importants pour les personnes avec déficiences visuelles (PDV). Cela affecte leur autonomie et leur capacité à participer aux activités de la vie quotidienne, telles que faire les courses. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons étudié où et comment un drone peut être utilisé en tant qu'assistant spatial en complément des aides primaires d'assistance à la mobilité telles que la canne blanche ou le chien-guide. Nous avons conçu un drone d'assistance à travers un processus de conception participative comprenant des interviews, des groupes de discussion et des déploiements simulés de type Magicien d'Oz avec 21 participants PDV. Nous avons terminé cette étude avec le retour d'experts pour valider notre co-conception. Nos résultats ont révélé des éléments clés en matière de conception pour un drone assistant, notamment l'importance du guidage vocal, des modes d'interaction adaptables (modes Équipe et Explorateur), et la nécessité d'une intégration transparente avec les technologies d'assistance existantes. Notre travail contribue au domaine en pleine croissance des technologies d'assistance en détaillant les besoins et les préférences des utilisateurs pour les drones d'assistance, ouvrant la voie au développement de solutions plus utilisables qui viennent augmenter, plutôt que remplacer, les aides primaires à la mobilité.</p>
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