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                <term xml:lang="en">ultra-wideband (UWB)</term>
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              <p>This paper presents a compact, vertically-polarized, ultrawideband monocone antenna with low volume (24×24×15 mm 3 ) and weight (8 g) suitable for wearable applications. It features a 96.1% smaller ground plane and a 75.2% lower volume than the smallest-height UWB reference design, while maintaining comparable performance. Its structure comprises a metal cone radiator and a modified circular top-plate shorted with four thin rods to a ground plane as small as the size of a standard four-hole flange-mount SMA connector. Detailed design guidelines are provided, including analyses of current distribution, parametric study, and equivalent circuit models. Both frequency-and time-domain results are measured to validate the design. The measured (simulated) antenna -10 dB bandwidth ranges from 3.1 (2.85) to 10.4 (10.3) GHz, exhibiting a fractional bandwidth of 108.1% (113.3%). The proposed antenna is highly efficient (over 95%) and consistently exhibits stable omni-and bi-directional radiation patterns in the two principal planes, with a stable measured and simulated average realized gain of approximately 1.35 dBi in the ϕ = 0 • and θ = 90 • radiation direction over the 2.9-7.5 GHz frequency range. As far as the time-domain behavior is concerned, the system fidelity factor is found adequate (higher than 0.85) for the transmission of impulse-type UWB signals in free-space independently of orientation in the azimuthal plane. Additionally, two different on-body exposure scenarios are considered, one with the Tx and Rx antennas positioned over a human forearm and the other near the human ears, to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed design for on-body communication links.</p>
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