Article Dans Une Revue Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology Année : 2025

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Uropathogens in Pediatric UTIs: Molecular Characteristics, Clinical Impact and Public Health Consequences

Résumé

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain a common and serious health challenge among pediatric populations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogens significantly complicates treatment, increases the risk of complications, and burdens already fragile healthcare systems. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, clinical impact, and treatment challenges associated with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in pediatric UTIs, with a focused lens on Nigeria and the broader Sub-Saharan African region. We examine the predominance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae as key ESBL producers, highlight the molecular dominance of CTX-M-15 and co-existing resistance determinants, and discuss the role of clonal expansion and horizontal gene transfer in the spread of resistance. Regional surveillance data reveal alarming ESBL prevalence rates of 40–75%, with multidrug resistance further narrowing treatment options. The implications are profound—ranging from delayed treatment and increased hospitalization to long-term renal complications in children. Despite the availability of phenotypic and molecular diagnostics, challenges persist due to limited access, infrastructural gaps, and under-resourced healthcare systems. This review underscores the urgent need for improved antimicrobial stewardship, investment in rapid diagnostics, and the establishment of pediatric-specific treatment guidelines. Addressing the burden of ESBL-producing uropathogens in Nigerian children is critical not only for safeguarding individual patient outcomes but also for mitigating the regional and global spread of antimicrobial resistance.

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Dates et versions

hal-05234396 , version 1 (02-09-2025)

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  • HAL Id : hal-05234396 , version 1

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Nzube F Ekpunobi, Malachy C Ugwu, Kingsley C Agu, Chukwunwejim C. R, Eddison Igho Oghonyon, et al.. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Uropathogens in Pediatric UTIs: Molecular Characteristics, Clinical Impact and Public Health Consequences. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2025, 28 (9), pp.691-709. ⟨hal-05234396⟩
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