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            <title xml:lang="en">State jurisdiction over rescue and assistance at sea: All responsible, few accountable, only one liable (at best)?</title>
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                <forename type="first">Alina</forename>
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                <title xml:lang="en">State jurisdiction over rescue and assistance at sea: All responsible, few accountable, only one liable (at best)?</title>
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              <p>&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Though one of the most ancient maritime obligations, the duty to render assistance has not been submitted to any international tribunal on the basis of a law of the sea instrument. Yet, its implementation has always been difficult in case of mass migrations. Rather, domestic courts and human rights bodies have dealt with it from the perspective of their specific applicable rules. Recent State and judicial practice highlights loopholes with regard to the consequences of the obligation of cooperation among all interested States (i.e. the SAR State, other coastal States, the flag State but also the State of nationality), including for disembarkation. It also raises questions concerning State jurisdiction over an operation of rescue (either de jure or de facto). When States actually implement their jurisdiction, their actions could amount to abuse of rights, if their powers are not used with a view to safe human lives. This is the case of interceptions using disproportionate forcible means, of criminalisation of sea rescue and of the administrative obstruction measures against the rescue ships, in particular of the NGOs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</p>
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