Design of a High-Performance Electrochemical Sensor Using ZnO@SiO2-n-propyl-NH2-benzotheura-AuNPs for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of Lead Ions in Environmental Samples
Résumé
This study presents the development of an innovative electrochemical sensor based on AuNPs-decorated ZnO@SiO2 and functionalized with n-propyl-NH2-BTU for the selective detection of lead ions. The synthesized material was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the successful incorporation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Electrochemical measurements, using differential pulse voltammetry, revealed excellent selectivity of the modified electrode for Pb 2+ ions in the presence of competing metal ions. The sensor exhibited a low detection limit of 8.02 × 10 −10 M, calculated using the standard 3S/b method, and demonstrated three distinct linear ranges: 1 × 10 −9 to 1 × 10 –7 M, 1 × 10 –7 to 5 × 10 –7 M, and 5 × 10 –7 to 2.5 × 10 –6 M, highlighting its sensitivity over a broad concentration spectrum. Additionally, recovery experiments in tap water yielded recovery rates ranging from 82% and 116%, confirming reliability and reusability. These findings emphasize the sensor’s strong potential for accurate Pb2+ monitoring in environmental samples.
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