Gaëtan Cognard, “Through the Victorian looking-glass from Gypsyland to fairyland to darkland.”
Résumé
SLIDE 1 SLIDE 2 "Through the Victorian looking-glass: from Gypsyland to fairyland to darkland." Gaëtan Cognard SLIDE 3 INTRODUCTION In 1783, Die Zigeuner was published in which the author H.M.G. Grellman asserted that SLIDE 4 "The Gypsies are an eastern people, and have eastern notions. It is inherent in uncivilized people, particularly those of Oriental countries, to be strongly attached to their own habits 1 ." SLIDE 5 The Victorian era saw a surge in internal orientalism concerning the then "Gypsies," or in more modern terms, "Gypsy" Travellers of Great Britain and Ireland, an attitude which became known as Gypsylorism: Whilst Orientalism is the discursive construction of the exotic Other outside Europe, Gypsylorism is the construction of the exotic Other within Europe -Romanies are the Orientals within. 2
Those representations showed the fascination held by the dominant society about the "Gypsy" Travellers, at the same time betraying some of its obsessions. They were always marginalized in fantasized "elsewheres", worlds within worlds, "espace autres". An artificial map was created inventing a Gypsyland, creating artificial borders between Gadjoland and Gypsyland, and imposing SLIDE 6 "a picture of the racial Gypsy which has been imprinted firmly in the popular consciousness 3 ", descriptions turning into myths and legends, in turns enchanting or dark. John Keats, Walter Scott, Charlotte Brontë, George Eliott, to quote only a few examples, all described "Gypsy" Travellers inhabiting spaces at once real und unreal, heterotopias constituting, in the words of Michel Foucault, SLIDE 7 a "great reserve of imagination 4 ".
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