<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-05139576</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-04-25T18:03:55+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Social Risk Factors for an Injury in Paralympic Athletes: Examining Time to Access the Training Facility and Time to Prepare Before and After Training</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Maxime</forename>
                <surname>Luiggi</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">792905</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1438849-792905</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6280-394X</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Rémi</forename>
                <surname>Richard</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">3a159ffde2e6534787846ff8249827f7</email>
              <email type="domain">umontpellier.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">remi-richard</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">174389</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">36122-174389</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-367X</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/176469168</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1100759"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-491164"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Valentine</forename>
                <surname>Duquesne</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">85f30da06f2d10495a70922ac8318325</email>
              <email type="domain">france-paralympique.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">vduquesne</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1244432</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2157256-1244432</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-2872</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/262114267</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Hélène</forename>
                <surname>Joncheray</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">5e572166538c8b441b8ca0df43f1ce36</email>
              <email type="domain">insep.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">helene-joncheray</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1012613</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1200893-1012613</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7048-0658</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/10057548X</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-486399"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1004849"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Rémi</forename>
                <surname>Richard</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">3a159ffde2e6534787846ff8249827f7</email>
              <email type="domain">umontpellier.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2025-07-02 10:33:35</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-04-08 08:48:01</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2025-07-02 10:33:35</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2025-06-06</date>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12144346"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="727897">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Rémi</forename>
                  <surname>Richard</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">3a159ffde2e6534787846ff8249827f7</email>
                <email type="domain">umontpellier.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-05139576</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-05139576</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">luiggi:hal-05139576</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine&lt;/i&gt;, 2025, 13 (6), &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671251320986"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1177/23259671251320986&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2025, 13 (6), &amp;#x27E8;10.1177/23259671251320986&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted"/>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SHS">Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSEP">INSEP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="EDUC">EDUCATION</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-MONTPELLIER">Université de Montpellier</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PARIS">Université Paris Cité</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIVERSITE-PARIS" corresp="UNIV-PARIS">Université Paris Cité</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UP-SOCIETES-HUMANITES">Université Paris Cité - Faculté Sociétés et Humanités</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="I3SP" corresp="COLL-STAPS">Institut des Sciences du Sport Santé de Paris URP 3625</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UM-2015-2021" corresp="UNIV-MONTPELLIER">Université de Montpellier (2015-2021)</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UM-EPE" corresp="UNIV-MONTPELLIER">Université de Montpellier - EPE</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SANTESIH" corresp="COLL-STAPS">Santé, Education et Situations de Handicap</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="STAPS">STAPS</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="COLL-STAPS">COLL-STAPS</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Social Risk Factors for an Injury in Paralympic Athletes: Examining Time to Access the Training Facility and Time to Prepare Before and After Training</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Maxime</forename>
                    <surname>Luiggi</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">792905</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1438849-792905</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6280-394X</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Rémi</forename>
                    <surname>Richard</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">3a159ffde2e6534787846ff8249827f7</email>
                  <email type="domain">umontpellier.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">remi-richard</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">174389</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">36122-174389</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-367X</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/176469168</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1100759"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-491164"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Valentine</forename>
                    <surname>Duquesne</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">85f30da06f2d10495a70922ac8318325</email>
                  <email type="domain">france-paralympique.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">vduquesne</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1244432</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2157256-1244432</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-2872</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/262114267</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Hélène</forename>
                    <surname>Joncheray</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">5e572166538c8b441b8ca0df43f1ce36</email>
                  <email type="domain">insep.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">helene-joncheray</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1012613</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1200893-1012613</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7048-0658</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/10057548X</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-486399"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1004849"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">126441</idno>
                <idno type="issn">2325-9671</idno>
                <title level="j">Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>SAGE Publications</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">13</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2025-06-06</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1177/23259671251320986</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="shs">Humanities and Social Sciences</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Background: No previous study has analyzed the associations between Paralympic athletes’ sociocultural factors and injury risk. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of time to access the main training facility (TAF) and time to prepare before and after training (TPT) with the injury risk while controlling for sport, impairment type, and performance level. It was hypothesized that a longer TAF and TPT would be associated with an increased injury risk. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective questionnaire was sent to 186 French athletes in 11 Paralympic sports who were identified by their sports federations as qualified to compete at the 2021 Tokyo Paralympic Games. The level of performance was determined according to past performance in international championships and the Paralympic Games. Impairment type was self-reported by athletes and then reclassified by a certified physician (limb deficiency, visual impairment, spinal cord–related disorder, central neurological disorder, short stature, peripheral neurological and muscular disorder). TAF and TPT were assessed by 2 self-reported questions. Injuries in the past 12 months were assessed using the latest consensus statement for the recording and reporting of self-reported epidemiological data on injuries in sports. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship of TAF and TPT with the injury risk while controlling for sport, impairment type, and performance level. Results: A total of 126 athletes (response rate: 67.7%) agreed to participate. The prevalence of injuries was 35.7% (95% CI, 33.3%-38.2%); it was lower among athletes with a high level of performance compared with those with a low level of performance. Athletes who reported a TAF ≥40 minutes were 5.5 times (95% CI, 1.2-30.5) more likely to have sustained an injury than those who reported &amp;lt;10 minutes. Athletes who reported a TPT ≥1 hour and 30 minutes were 6.3 times (95% CI, 1.1-44.4) more likely to have had an injury than those who reported 15 minutes. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that Paralympic athletes who reported a longer TAF and TPT had a higher risk of injuries. Future studies are needed to understand the exact mechanism that would explain these results and to assist in the prevention of injuries in this population of athletes.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1100759" status="VALID">
          <idno type="RNSR">201119383A</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/007bw2y16</idno>
          <orgName>Santé, Education et Situations de Handicap</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SantESiH</orgName>
          <date type="start">2022-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>EA 4614 - Université de Montpellier, UFR STAPS,700 avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34 090 Montpellier</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.santesih.com/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UM 211" active="#struct-1100589" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-491164" status="OLD">
          <idno type="RNSR">201119383A</idno>
          <orgName>Santé, Education et Situations de Handicap</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SantESiH</orgName>
          <date type="end">2021-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>EA 4614 - Université de Montpellier, UFR STAPS,700 avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34 090 Montpellier</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.santesih.com/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UM 211" active="#struct-410122" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-486399" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">197373755</idno>
          <orgName>French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Sport, Expertise, and Performance Laboratory</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SEP</orgName>
          <date type="start">2015-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>INSEP, 11 avenue du Tremblay, 75012 Paris, France.</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://labos-recherche.insep.fr/fr/laboratoire-sport-expertise-et-performance</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-441096" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1004849" status="VALID">
          <idno type="RNSR">201420830K</idno>
          <orgName>Institut des Sciences du Sport-Santé de Paris</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">I3SP - URP3625</orgName>
          <date type="start">2020-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>UFR STAPS Paris Descartes 1, rue Lacretelle75015 PARIS</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://recherche.parisdescartes.fr/tec</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="URP3625" active="#struct-557826" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-1100589" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/051escj72</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Montpellier</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UM</orgName>
          <date type="start">2022-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>163 rue Auguste Broussonnet - 34090 Montpellier</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.umontpellier.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-410122" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000120970141</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/051escj72</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Montpellier</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UM</orgName>
          <date type="end">2021-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>163 rue Auguste Broussonnet - 34090 Montpellier</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.umontpellier.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441096" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026388782</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03jczk481</idno>
          <orgName>Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSEP</orgName>
          <date type="start">2009-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>11 Avenue du Tremblay75012 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.insep.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-557826" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">236453505</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 7885 7602</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05f82e368</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris Cité</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UPCité</orgName>
          <date type="start">2020-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>85 boulevard Saint-Germain75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://u-paris.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>