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                <term xml:lang="en">tree seedlings</term>
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              <p>Climate-change-induced drought threatens forest restoration by limiting seedling establishment. To address this, we developed synthetic bacterial communities (SynComs) tailored to support drought tolerance in two Mediterranean tree species, Quercus pubescens and Sorbus domestica. Bacteria were isolated from forest soil exposed to long-term drought, sampling across soil depths and root-associated compartments. We selected strains with key plant-beneficial traits, including exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, hormone synthesis (auxin, ABA), siderophore release, and osmotic tolerance. SynComs were assembled based on functional complementarity and ecological origin. Biofilm assays showed that even weak individual producers could enhance community-level performance. After initial screening on Arabidopsis thaliana, the most and least effective SynComs were tested on Q. pubescens and S. domestica seedlings. Compared to controls, the best-performing SynComs reduced the proportion of drought-symptomatic seedlings by 47% in Q. pubescens and 71% in S. domestica, outperforming single-strain inoculants. Notably, EPS-rich SynCom B aligned with the conservative root traits of Q. pubescens, while hormone-rich SynCom F matched the acquisitive strategy of S. domestica. Predictive modeling identified bacterial identity and symptom timing as key predictors of drought resilience. Our results highlight the value of matching microbial traits with plant strategies and drought context for climate-smart forest restoration.</p>
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              <p>La sécheresse induite par le changement climatique menace la restauration des forêts en limitant l’établissement des semis. Pour y remédier, nous avons développé des communautés bactériennes synthétiques (SynComs) conçues pour soutenir la tolérance à la sécheresse chez deux espèces d’arbres méditerranéennes : Quercus pubescens et Sorbus domestica. Les bactéries ont été isolées à partir d’un sol forestier soumis à une sécheresse de longue durée, en échantillonnant à différentes profondeurs du sol et dans les compartiments associés aux racines. Nous avons sélectionné des souches présentant des traits bénéfiques pour les plantes, notamment la production d’exopolysaccharides (EPS), la synthèse d’hormones (auxine, ABA), la libération de sidérophores et la tolérance osmotique. Les SynComs ont été assemblées en tenant compte de la complémentarité fonctionnelle et de l’origine écologique des souches. Des tests de formation de biofilm ont montré que même des producteurs individuels peu performants pouvaient améliorer les performances collectives. Après un premier criblage sur Arabidopsis thaliana, les SynComs les plus et les moins efficaces ont été testées sur des semis de Q. pubescens et S. domestica. Comparées aux témoins, les SynComs les plus performantes ont réduit la proportion de semis présentant des symptômes de sécheresse de 47 % chez Q. pubescens et de 71 % chez S. domestica, surpassant les inoculations à souche unique. Fait notable, la SynCom B, riche en EPS, s’est avérée compatible avec les traits racinaires conservateurs de Q. pubescens, tandis que la SynCom F, riche en hormones, correspondait à la stratégie d’acquisition de S. domestica. Une modélisation prédictive a identifié l’identité bactérienne et le moment d’apparition des symptômes comme des prédicteurs clés de la résilience à la sécheresse. Nos résultats soulignent l’importance d’associer les traits microbiens aux stratégies végétales et au contexte de sécheresse pour une restauration forestière intelligente face au climat.</p>
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