Article Dans Une Revue Science Année : 2025

Prehistoric genomes from Yunnan reveal ancestry related to Tibetans and Austroasiatic speakers

Tianyi Wang
Melinda A Yang
Zhonghua Zhu
Minmin Ma
Han Shi
  • Fonction : Auteur
Leo Speidel
  • Fonction : Auteur
Rui Min
  • Fonction : Auteur
Haibing Yuan
Zhilong Jiang
  • Fonction : Auteur
Changcheng Hu
  • Fonction : Auteur
Xiaorui Li
  • Fonction : Auteur
Dongyue Zhao
  • Fonction : Auteur
Fan Bai
  • Fonction : Auteur
Peng Cao
  • Fonction : Auteur
Feng Liu
  • Fonction : Auteur
Qingyan Dai
  • Fonction : Auteur
Xiaotian Feng
  • Fonction : Auteur
Ruowei Yang
  • Fonction : Auteur
Xiaohong Wu
Xu Liu
  • Fonction : Auteur
Ming Zhang
  • Fonction : Auteur
Wanjing Ping
Yichen Liu
Yang Wan
  • Fonction : Auteur
Fan Yang
  • Fonction : Auteur
Ranchao Zhou
  • Fonction : Auteur
Lihong Kang
  • Fonction : Auteur
Guanghui Dong
Qiaomei Fu

Résumé

In East and Southeast Asia, a long history of population movement, replacement, and mixture has heavily influenced the genetic composition of humans up to the present day. For example, early populations found across this region that diversified before 40,000 years ago carrying Basal Asian ancestries have largely been replaced by a single lineage that diversified into the ancestries found in most present-day East and Southeast Asians. However, these ancestries sampled to date have yet to explain the genetic diversity observed across all present-day East and Southeast Asians, with ancestries still uncharacterized in many populations, including in Tibetans and Austroasiatic speakers.

RATIONALE:

Sequencing of 127 ancient human genomes dating to 7100 to 1500 years ago from Yunnan province in southwestern China may help to further clarify human population history in East and Southeast Asia. Yunnan is at the intersection of the Tibetan Plateau, Southeast Asia, and southern China and is home to the highest ethnic and linguistic diversity in China today. Thus, genomic sampling of ancient populations from this region provides an opportunity to capture the migration, interaction, and change over time in prehistoric populations of East and Southeast Asia.

RESULTS:

Analysis of a 7100-year-old individual from the Xingyi archaeological site in central Yunnan revealed a previously unsampled Basal Asian ancestry that is deeply diverged from East Asian ancestries and persisted in southern East Asia into the mid-Holocene. This Basal Asian Xingyi ancestry is also related to deeply diverged ghost ancestry found in Tibetan Plateau populations, providing new information for studying the origin of Tibetan Plateau populations. The 5500-to 1500-year-old populations from central Yunnan do not show Basal Asian Xingyi ancestry, but carry an East Asian ancestry distinct from northern and southern East Asian ancestries previously characterized, denoted here as Central Yunnan ancestry. This distinct East Asian ancestry can be found across present-day Austroasiatic speakers, indicating that these ancient populations in central Yunnan were likely a proto-Austroasiatic population. By contrast, 3800-to 1700-year-old populations from western Yunnan primarily have northern East Asian ancestry, whereas a 3400-year-old population from eastern Yunnan shows a mixture of southern East Asian and Central Yunnan ancestries. Collectively, these patterns indicate that multiple diverse East Asian ancestries coexisted in Bronze Age Yunnan populations. CONCLUSION: Sampling ancient humans from Yunnan province, we discovered a new Basal Asian ancestry that is closely related to a "ghost" ancestry that influenced populations who lived on the Tibetan Plateau. In addition, we found a distinct East Asian ancestry that sheds light on the origin of Austroasiatic populations. Multiple East Asian ancestries in Yunnan during the Bronze Age reveal high human genetic diversity and dynamic population movements across East and

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Dates et versions

hal-05093879 , version 1 (02-06-2025)

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Tianyi Wang, Melinda A Yang, Zhonghua Zhu, Minmin Ma, Han Shi, et al.. Prehistoric genomes from Yunnan reveal ancestry related to Tibetans and Austroasiatic speakers. Science, 2025, 388, ⟨10.1126/science.adq9792⟩. ⟨hal-05093879⟩
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