Article Dans Une Revue Atmosphere Année : 2025

Spatio-Temporal Variability in CO2 Fluxes in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean

Résumé

The Southern Ocean (SO) plays a fundamental role in the planet’s climate system, due to its ability to absorb and redistribute heat and CO2 (an important greenhouse gas). In addition, the SO connects three large oceanic basins the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Indian Oceans, and it has an important role in the nutrient distribution in these oceans. However, the SO is poorly sampled, with most measurements made in austral spring and summer. The variability in the air–sea CO2 flux is estimated, as well as the role of atmospheric and oceanic variables in this variability. The CO2 fluxes are calculated using the bulk parameterization method, in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, from 2003 to 2022, using in situ measurements, satellites, and a reanalysis data set. A neural network model is built to produce maps of the partial pressure of CO2 in seawater (pCO2sea). The CO2 flux varies from −0.05 to 0.05 gC m−2 month−1. The Atlantic sector of the SO is a sink of CO2 in summer and spring and becomes a source in austral winter and autumn. The CO2 absorption intensifies from 2003 to 2022 by 7.6 mmol m−2 month−1, due to stronger westerly winds, related to the trend in the positive phase of the Antarctic Oscillation and the extreme El Niño Southern Ocean (ENSO) events (e.g., El Niño and La Niña).

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DOI

Cite 10.5281/zenodo.10854860 Ouvrage Carvalho, G. T. and Mejia, C. (2024). Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to estimate pCO2sea. (Version 1.1.0) [Software]. (Versions RNApCO2sea-Carvalho). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10854860

data
DOI

Cite 10.5281/zenodo.10871385 Jeu de données Carvalho, G. T., & Pezzi, L. P. (2024). Data from the micrometeorological tower of the Antarctic Modeling Observation System (ATMOS) project of the 40th Brazilian Antarctic Operation (OPERANTAR XL) to calculate the CO2 flux (FCO2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10871385

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DOI

Cite 10.5281/zenodo.10887055 Jeu de données Carvalho, G. T., & Pezzi, L. P. (2024). LI-COR (LI-850) sensor data obtained by the Antarctic Modeling Observation System (ATMOS) project during the 40th Brazilian Antarctic Operation (OPERANTAR XL) and were used to calculate the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10887055

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hal-05075777 , version 1 (21-05-2025)

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Gabrielle Tavares de Carvalho, Luciano Ponzi Pezzi, Nathalie Lefèvre, Celina Cândida Ferreira Rodrigues, Marcelo Freitas Santini, et al.. Spatio-Temporal Variability in CO2 Fluxes in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. Atmosphere, 2025, 16 (3), pp.319. ⟨10.3390/atmos16030319⟩. ⟨hal-05075777⟩
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