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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Molecular Biology Reports&lt;/i&gt;, 2025, 52 (1), pp.450. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10561-9"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1007/s11033-025-10561-9&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Development of 30 microsatellite markers for genetic analysis of Atrina vexillum</title>
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                    <forename type="first">Thomas</forename>
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                <title level="j">Molecular Biology Reports</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Bivalve</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Conservation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Genetic diversity</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Microsatellite</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Flag penshell</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Atrina vexillum</term>
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              <p>BackgroundAtrina vexillum (Born, 1778) is a bivalve mollusk indigenous to the Indo-Pacific coastal regions. Despite being a species of high ecological and economic value, it remains largely understudied and estimates of population genetic diversity and structure are urgently needed. Microsatellite markers are useful for assessing population genetic structure due to their high polymorphism. This study aimed to develop 30 novel, highly polymorphic, microsatellite markers for A. vexillum.Methods and resultsA total of 30 markers were optimized for reliable amplification. They were tested by multiplex PCR in 92 individuals sampled in Bora-Bora and Raiatea islands (French Polynesia). The number of alleles per polymorphic locus (n = 29/30) ranged from 3 to 18. Null alleles were suspected for 6 of the markers. The FIS values per locus calculated over all sampled individuals ranged from − 0.0174 to 0.870 (mean 0.107) and were significant for 7 loci. The observed heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.168 to 0.920 (mean 0.66), values significantly higher than those obtained with markers previously developed for the species. Cross-species amplification has not been successful in Pinna nobilis individuals.ConclusionThese 30 microsatellite markers demonstrate high polymorphism and will be key in assessing the genetic diversity and structure of A. vexillum populations in French Polynesia. They are a step towards analyzing parentage and further understanding the population dynamics and establishing effective conservation measures for a species that is declining without clearly identified causes.</p>
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              <p>ContexteAtrina vexillum (Born, 1778) est un mollusque bivalve indigène des régions côtières indo-pacifiques. Bien qu’il s’agisse d’une espèce de grande importance écologique et économique, elle reste largement méconnue, et des estimations de la diversité et de la structure génétique des populations sont urgemment nécessaires. Les marqueurs microsatellites sont utiles pour étudier la structure génétique en raison de leur fort polymorphisme. Cette étude visait à développer 30 nouveaux marqueurs microsatellites hautement polymorphes pour A. vexillum.Méthodes et résultatsUn total de 30 marqueurs ont été optimisés pour une amplification fiable. Ils ont été testés par PCR multiplex sur 92 individus échantillonnés dans les îles de Bora-Bora et de Raiatea (Polynésie française). Le nombre d’allèles par locus polymorphe (n = 29/30) variait de 3 à 18. Des allèles nuls ont été suspectés pour 6 marqueurs. Les valeurs de FIS par locus calculées sur l’ensemble des individus variaient de −0,0174 à 0,870 (moyenne : 0,107) et étaient significatives pour 7 loci. L’hétérozygotie observée par locus variait de 0,168 à 0,920 (moyenne : 0,66), des valeurs significativement plus élevées que celles obtenues avec les marqueurs précédemment développés pour l’espèce. L’amplification croisée n’a pas été concluante chez Pinna nobilis.ConclusionCes 30 marqueurs microsatellites présentent un haut polymorphisme et seront essentiels pour évaluer la diversité génétique et la structure des populations d’A. vexillum en Polynésie française. Ils constituent une avancée vers l’analyse de la parenté, une meilleure compréhension de la dynamique des populations, et la mise en place de mesures de conservation efficaces pour cette espèce en déclin dont les causes restent mal identifiées.</p>
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