<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-05063031</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-04T09:00:40+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Plagiarism in education and scientific integrity in the age of Generative IA</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Plagiat et intégrité scientifique à l'ère de l'IA générative</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Alain</forename>
                <surname>Mille</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">5901-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1267652"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1173935"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-2003"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Alain</forename>
                <surname>Mille</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">08f4989703e0d8e068c1544b26905403</email>
              <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2025-05-11 15:38:04</date>
              <date type="whenWritten">2025-04-18</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-09-03 10:35:44</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2025-05-13 11:31:41</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2025-04-18</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2025-05-11</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-05063031v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2025-05-11"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-05063031v1/file/practical_ethical_questions_AI_in_higher_education_VEN.pdf" id="file-5063031-4380859">
                <date notBefore="2025-05-11"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="1487320">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Alain</forename>
                  <surname>Mille</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">08f4989703e0d8e068c1544b26905403</email>
                <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-05063031</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-05063031</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">mille:hal-05063031</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">2025</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">2025</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">CC BY-NC 4.0 - Attribution - Non-commercial use<ref corresp="#file-5063031-4380859"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TICE">Bibliothèque TICE</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LYON1">Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LYON2">Université Lumière Lyon 2</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSA-LYON">Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="EC-LYON">Ecole Centrale de Lyon</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LIRIS" corresp="UNIV-LYON1">Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LYON2">Université Lyon2</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSA-GROUPE">Groupe INSA</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TEL">Technology Enhanced Learning - Environnements Informatiques pour l’Apprentissage Humain</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UDL">UDL</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LYON">Université de Lyon</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="HAL-LYON-2-NOUVELLE-VERSION">Nouvelle version portail </idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt/>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Plagiarism in education and scientific integrity in the age of Generative IA</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Plagiat et intégrité scientifique à l'ère de l'IA générative</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Alain</forename>
                    <surname>Mille</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">5901-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1267652"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1173935"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-2003"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <imprint/>
              </monogr>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">plagiarism</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">iagiarism</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">scientific integrity</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">generative artificial intelligence</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="https://dl.acm.org/ccs" n="ACM2012.J"/>
              <classCode scheme="https://dl.acm.org/ccs" n="ACM2012.M"/>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info.eiah">Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="UNDEFINED">Preprints, Working Papers, ...</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="UNDEFINED">Preprints, Working Papers, ...</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="UNDEFINED">Preprints, Working Papers, ...</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>This paper examines the challenges posed by generative AI (GAI) to plagiarism and scientific integrity in education and research.  It begins by defining plagiarism and scientific integrity, acknowledging variations in definitions across different contexts (e.g., US vs. European standards).  The core question addressed is whether using GAI constitutes plagiarism. The answer is nuanced:  it depends on the transparency of the AI's use.  Openly using GAI without claiming authorship avoids plagiarism, while concealing its use constitutes both plagiarism and a breach of scientific integrity.  The gray area lies in using GAI for improving writing style without explicitly mentioning it – a situation where the assessment of plagiarism becomes complex and context-dependent (hard vs. soft sciences).The paper highlights the significant increase in publications on scientific integrity, correlating it to the temptation to cheat under the growing pressure to publish.  The use of GAI tools raises concerns about originality, as it potentially leads to the repetition of existing knowledge, even if reformulated. While GAI can detect plagiarism, it paradoxically struggles to detect its own use in generating text, creating a risk of unintentional plagiarism. Further risks associated with GAI include data fabrication, image manipulation, and the creation of "papermill" content (low-quality papers inflating publication metrics).The paper suggests two main strategies to mitigate these risks:  (1) training students and scientists in responsible GAI use, and (2) revising assessment methods to evaluate critical thinking and originality, rather than solely focusing on the final product.  The author proposes various approaches to training, such as providing guidelines for teaching writing with AI and encouraging students to critically analyze AI-generated content,  including its references.  Revised assessment methods could include prohibiting AI use during exams or requiring students to document and explain their use of GAI, emphasizing the critical thinking process involved.  The paper concludes by noting a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of these recommendations, suggesting further research is needed to effectively address the challenges posed by GAI in academic settings.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1267652" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Universitaires Sans Frontières</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">USF-AWB</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1173935" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Coexiscience</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-2003" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">149705271</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122577669</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200511875R</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04dv4he91</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LIRIS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2003-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Bâtiment Blaise Pascal - 20, avenue Albert Einstein - 69621 Villeurbanne cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://liris.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-33804" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-126765" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301088" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-194495" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-219748" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301232" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR5205" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-33804" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02640334X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2188 0906</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03rth4p18</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q4041</idno>
          <orgName>Université Lumière - Lyon 2</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UL2</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>86, rue Pasteur - 69007 Lyon</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-lyon2.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-126765" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05s6rge65</idno>
          <orgName>École Centrale de Lyon</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ECL</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>36 avenue Guy de Collongue - 69134 Ecully cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ec-lyon.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-301088" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-301088" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01rk35k63</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Lyon</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>92 rue Pasteur - CS 30122, 69361 Lyon Cedex 07</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.universite-lyon.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-194495" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026402823</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121686185</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/029brtt94</idno>
          <orgName>Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UCBL</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-lyon1.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-301088" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-219748" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">052444724</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2292 0228</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSA Lyon</orgName>
          <date type="start">1957-03-18</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>20 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.insa-lyon.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-301088" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301232" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-301232" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">162105150</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National des Sciences Appliquées</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSA</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>