Article Dans Une Revue ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Année : 2025

Life cycle assessment of an innovative process assisted by pressurized CO2 for direct recycling of lithium-ion battery positive electrode production scraps

Résumé

With global lithium-ion battery (LIB) production on the rise, production scraps, constituting 5 to 30 wt % of the total manufacturing output are expected to remain a major waste stream until at least 2030. These scraps present a significant recycling challenge, necessitating the development of effective and sustainable solutions. In this study, we conduct a life cycle assessment (LCA) of an innovative CO2-assisted direct recycling process for LIB-positive electrode production scraps. Using NMC622 (LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2) positive electrode material as a case study, this paper describes the environmental benefits and impacts of the recovery of this material with direct recycling compared to other conventional treatments (incineration, pyrometallurgy, and hydrometallurgy). Lab-scale modeling identifies energy consumption and solvent usage as key environmental hotspots. A scale-up framework is applied to provide valuable insights and guide the sustainable development of this emerging technology. Eco-design strategies and benchmarking indicate that direct recycling has the potential to reduce environmental impacts; however, advancements in process energy efficiency and material recovery rates are necessary to ensure its competitiveness with existing recycling methods and its ability to meet industry quality standards.

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hal-05018678 , version 1 (03-04-2025)

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Insaf Gaalich, Iheb Driouech, Neil Hayagan, Cyril Aymonier, Guido Sonnemann, et al.. Life cycle assessment of an innovative process assisted by pressurized CO2 for direct recycling of lithium-ion battery positive electrode production scraps. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2025, 13 (12), pp.4717-4728. ⟨10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c09427⟩. ⟨hal-05018678⟩
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