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              <p>Serpentine are described as stressful ecosystems being driven by multiple constraints including lack of nutrient, shallow soils and trace elements toxicity. Therefore, functional ecology theory predicts that serpentinicolous species should exhibit attributes similar to those of species found in other harsh environments, namely short size (plant stature functional axis), and slow soil-resource acquisition corresponding to conservative species (leaf economic spectrum axis) 1,2 . Our main objective was to verify if herbaceous serpentinicolous species found in western Europe were short and conservative as expected. Additionally, we investigated acquisitive roots traits related to mycorrhizal association and roots growth 3,4 . We sampled above and below ground traits of 46 species in 6 serpentinicolous herbaceous communities in the French Massif Central and the Apennines (Italy) in 2022. Aboveground traits were positioned in the global functional space provided by large database of aboveground plant traits. Principal component analysis on all measured traits provided additional insights regarding functional variation of studied species. If serpentinicolous species had small size as expected, they showed an important variation regarding the leaf economic spectrum and were not particularly conservative compared to the rest of herbaceous species sampled worldwide. This question the way corresponding species acquire nutrients in such harsh environments. Root trait analysis showed a large variety of strategies, species from the Apennines relying more on mycorrhizal association, and species from the Massif Central having faster root growth. This might be due to the biogeographical context and in particular the occurrence of a summer drought in the Mediterranean climate of the lower Apennines. Future work should investigate the correspondence of these functional variations with another tenet of functional adaptation of sperpentinicolous species: leaf metal accumulation or exclusion.</p>
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