Optical investigation of a liquid/gas cryogenic flow
Résumé
Hydrogen as an energy fluid is massively studied by car and aerospace industries. Transport and storage before use is processed in the liquid form at cryogenic temperatures. The heat flow through the walls, no matter how insulated the container is, intrinsically causes the vaporization of the LH2. This so called "boiloff" phenomenon increases the internal pressure, which is limited by a relief valve. Worse, the vibrations -referred to as sloshing-caused by the container transport influence the flow and heat transfer inside and through the container. The sloshing effects and these losses that can be a technological lock for the development of the hydrogen industry must be investigated. To reproduce the boil-off effects, a test bench with a moving cryostat was considered. For safety reasons inherent to the use of LH2, nitrogen (LN2) was considered. The cryostat was assembled together with thermofluidic and optical instrumentation. The 2D velocity and temperature gradients fields are obtained thanks to a simultaneous PIV/Schlieren technique. The objective of the present study is to generate data on the complex liquid/gas flow with description of the interface, and the influence of the amplitude and frequency to help understanding the boil-off phenomena.
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