Women's role in peasant resistance practices in the Diola Kasa territories
Le rôle des femmes dans les pratiques de résistance paysanne dans les territoires de Diola Kasa
Il ruolo femminile nelle pratiche di resistenza contadina dei territori Diola Kasa
Résumé
Diola Kasa peasant resistance in Lower Casamance can be described as an unprecedented hybridisation of spirituality, rationality, ecosystem awareness and attention to climatic changes. This paper highlights the centrality of the female role in the Diola culture as a constant and driving force of resistance. Peasant resistances combine 'inertial' factors with new possible interpretations of spatial and social relations. They differ in nature, strategies and social formations. They can at the same time be considered as 'resources' that push towards the change of the status quo and destructive, extractive and homologating dynamics, but they can also become the object of contrast by those in power, local and not local (often combined). Diola's reading of the female role in the process of identity formation highlights its temporal continuity in the succession of epochs (pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial) and the spatial continuity between rural and urban migration. The feminine has been the guide of an anti-hegemonic identity process that in the contemporary era is connoted with a decolonial orientation. The definition of the ecological transition strategies of the investigated territories is determined around this central role. The paper refers to the Diola Kasa area of the South West bank of the Casamance River and in particular to the village of Mlomp reporting some results of a qualitative field survey. The 'practices of resistance' are taken into consideration for the values and reasons which motivate them, as well as for the spatial implications they draw, but also for the Africa-World rural projects which it is possible to define from their experiences.
Aline Sitoè Diatta: eroina della resistenza contadina Diola in epoca coloniale La storia di Aline Sitoè Diatta, eroina Casamancé della resistenza Diola, si contestualizzata nella resistenza contadina al regime coloniale. Quando decise, all'incirca negli anni Quaranta, di disobbedire agli ordini del suo padrone francese, andarsene dalla casa in cui prestava servizio come domestica a Dakar e tornare al suo villaggio natale a Kabrousse nella Bassa Casamance, per dar inizio alla storia della 'donna che fu più di un uomo' 1 . Aline Sitoè viene ricordata così oggi, nei libri di storia contemporanea del Senegal, dopo anni di lotta per la sua inclusione nella schiera delle eroine nazionali da parte del Movimento delle Forze Democratiche della Casamance (MFDC) (Toliver, 2005). Negli anni '40 Aline Sitoè aveva poco più di vent'anni, anche se le fonti sono incerte. Era un periodo di grande siccità.
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