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            <title xml:lang="en">Ecological community living and local governance in the countryside of France and Quebec: towards a revival from within of low-density rural spaces</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Les lieux de vie collectifs et écologiques, acteurs du renouveau endogène des territoires ruraux de basse densité en France et au Québec : un enjeu de gouvernance territoriale</title>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;L'Espace Politique&lt;/i&gt;, 2025, Géopolitique locale de la ruralité : engagements citoyens et dynamiques alternatives, 53-54 | 2024-2/3, http://journals.openedition.org/espacepolitique/13525</idno>
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            <idno type="stamp" n="COMUE-NORMANDIE">Normandie Université</idno>
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            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIROUEN">Université de Rouen Normandie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNILEHAVRE">Université Le Havre Normandie</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Ecological community living and local governance in the countryside of France and Quebec: towards a revival from within of low-density rural spaces</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Les lieux de vie collectifs et écologiques, acteurs du renouveau endogène des territoires ruraux de basse densité en France et au Québec : un enjeu de gouvernance territoriale</title>
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                <title level="j">L'Espace Politique</title>
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                  <publisher>Association Espace politique</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="serie">Géopolitique locale de la ruralité : engagements citoyens et dynamiques alternatives</biblScope>
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                  <date type="datePub">2025-03-01</date>
                  <date type="dateEpub">2025-03-01</date>
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                <term xml:lang="en">France</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Quebec</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Socio-spatial representations</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Local governance</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Community living</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Radical rural</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Québec</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">France</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Pouvoirs publics locaux</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Représentations</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Gouvernance territoriale</term>
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              <p>Since the late 1990s, Western rural areas are witnessing an increasing phenomenon of a particular type of urban to rural migrations led by social and ecological considerations. This contributes to the eruption of alternative lifestyles opposed to the mainstream urban way of life, taking part in what Halfacree calls the radical rural. Supported either by newcomers or long-time residents in rural spaces, those alternatives are built on place-based experimentation and exemplariness. This distinguishes them from militant or partisan projects. Some projects take place within low-density rural areas and contribute to their revival from within, while sparking off debates between conventional, traditional and alternative socio-spatial representations of rural spaces. Doing so, they get involved in and challenge local governance. We are interested in a specific category of rural alternatives: ecological community living. Those are micro-political initiatives led by at least three people, beyond the nuclear family, with the purpose of living according to their beliefs. They particularly aim at promoting ecology and solidarity at least within their own community. However, most of them are also aiming at a broader diffusion of their ideas and practices. We show how some projects which aim at putting down roots locally can impact local dynamics, contrary to others being more oriented towards trans-local networks. Our research is based on qualitative data issued from a multiple case study in Gaspésie (Quebec, Canada), Ariège and Orne (France). More precisely, we draw on 66 cumulative days of participant observation within 14 ecological communities, 33 semi-directive interviews with rural actors –either community members or public actors–, as well as informal interviews and document analysis. Our research is in line with the works on the construction of rural and rurality in a context of restructuration of rural spaces. It also draws on the French-speaking research on everyday life alternatives. Within these approaches, we apply Jodelet’s definition of representation to the French theoretical approach of local governance (gouvernance territoriale). We first introduce how various projects show uneven bonds with rural communities, and how they are confronted to polarizing socio-spatial representations. Then, we explore three cases to show the extent to which collectives' relationship with the communities is determined by a combination of endogenous, exogenous and contextual factors. Eventually, we examine local elected representative and public servant’s ambivalent perspective upon ecological community living, which can be perceived as opportunities as much as threats regarding their own local governance mission. In conclusion, rural alternatives act both as local actors and as representatives of supra-local interests working for broader social change. Hence, this article contributes both to the literature on the radical rural and on local governance in rural spaces, in a context of increasing multifunctionality and climate crisis.</p>
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              <p>Depuis la fin des années 1990, nombre d’espaces ruraux occidentaux connaissent une recrudescence de migrations néo-rurales motivées par des protestations sociales ou des considérations écologiques qui alimentent des modes de vie alternatifs aux modes de vie urbains modernes. Portées par de nouveaux résidents mais aussi par des ruraux de longue date, ces alternatives sont notamment fondées sur l’expérimentation et l’exemplarité, et leurs porteurs s’attachent à la mise en actes quotidienne de leurs convictions idéologiques, à rebours de projets militants ou de conquête politique des institutions. En se tournant vers des territoires ruraux de basse densité perçus comme propices à expérimenter et à diffuser ces modes de vie, certains projets peuvent participer à leur renouveau endogène tout en suscitant des jeux d’influence entre des représentations conventionnelles, traditionnelles et alternatives des espaces ruraux, portées par différents acteurs. Ils s’impliquent du même coup dans la gouvernance de ces territoires. En nous intéressant à une forme particulière d’alternatives rurales, les lieux de vie collectifs et écologiques, nous montrons que certains d’entre eux peuvent avoir un réel impact sur les dynamiques locales, à condition de faire de l’ancrage territorial un objectif principal. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons des données qualitatives récoltées lors d’une étude de cas multiples en Ariège, dans l’Orne et dans la région de la Gaspésie au Québec. Après avoir évoqué les divers degrés d’ancrage territorial des collectifs, et l’obstacle récurrent de représentations clivantes, nous nous attardons sur trois cas afin d’illustrer combien le rapport au territoire des collectifs est déterminé par la combinaison de facteurs endogènes, exogènes et contextuels. Enfin, nous présentons les points de vue des élus et techniciens des territoires administratifs visités, qui peuvent voir dans ces projets tant des opportunités que des menaces pour le territoire et pour eux-mêmes.</p>
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