Arabe, langue de colonisation en Mauritanie?
Résumé
Mauritania, a country located between West Africa and North Africa, is a mosaic of languages and cultures, a crossroads of Arab-Berber-Negro-Mauritanian civilizations. It is composed of very heterogeneous populations, who have in common only the Muslim religion. Consisting of Arabs, Haratines, Fulani, Soninke, Wolof, Bambara and Berbers, Mauritania has difficulty in implementing a decisive language policy for all the Mauritanian linguistic communities mentioned above, because it is so marked by incessant linguistic conflicts, animated from time to time by the "pro-Arab" and the "pro-French", as well as those for whom the officialization and teaching of other national languages (Pulaar, Soninke and Wolof) are more than indispensable. Faced with the difficulty of conceiving the development of a language policy in a situation of multilingualism, Mauritanian decision-makers are often accused by the Negro-Mauritanians, in particular the associations for the promotion of national languages and by a certain Negro-Mauritanian elite, of promoting only the Arab language and culture to the detriment of all other Mauritanian languages. Consequently, it is legitimate to ask what is the place of Arabic, this other Mauritanian language which seems to be doing better than the others? How is the Mauritanian language policy, centered on Arabization, perceived by the different communities of the country and what are the consequences for national cohesion?
La Mauritanie, pays situé entre l'Afrique de l'Ouest et l'Afrique du nord, est une mosaïque de langues et de cultures, le carrefour des civilisations Arabo-berbéro-négro-mauritaniennes.
Elle est composée de populations très hétérogènes, qui n'ont en commun que la religion
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