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            <title xml:lang="fr">Pour une histoire de l’usage médical des stupéfiants : état des lieux et perspectives</title>
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              <p>Historiography in general, and that produced in France in particular, traditionally presents narcotics as uniformly dangerous substances. This systematic focus on addiction, deviance, and risks for users or society, observable for instance in the majority of historical dissertations on the topic of psychoactive substances, obscures the existence of research fields concerning their therapeutic uses—which were, in fact, the original reason for their integration into Western practices. This article will thus offer an analytical and critical overview of historical research that examines the “career” of narcotics as medicines, a field primarily dominated on the one hand by Anglo-American literature, and on the other by authors from medical professions who are not trained in historical methodology. Additionally, it will attempt to highlight various research avenues that remain to be explored in order to deepen our understanding of the medical uses of these controversial substances.</p>
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              <p>La historiografía en general, y la producida en Francia en particular, presenta tradicionalmente los estupefacientes como sustancias indiscriminadamente peligrosas. Este enfoque sistemático sobre la adicción, la desviación y los riesgos para los usuarios y la sociedad, que se observa, por ejemplo, en la mayoría de las tesis de historia defendidas sobre el tema de los psicotrópicos, oculta la existencia de campos de investigación relativos, en particular, a sus usos terapéuticos, aunque éstos se encuentren en la base de su integración en las prácticas de los individuos occidentales. Así pues, el presente artículo ofrecerá un panorama analítico y crítico de las investigaciones históricas sobre la “carrera” de los estupefacientes como medicamentos, campo dominado principalmente, por una parte, por la literatura angloamericana y, por otra, por autores procedentes de profesiones médicas no formados en el método histórico. También intentará señalar varias vías de investigación que aún deben seguirse para enriquecer nuestro conocimiento de los usos médicos de estas sustancias diabolizadas.</p>
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              <p>L’historiographie en général et celle produite en France en particulier présente traditionnellement les stupéfiants comme des substances indistinctement dangereuses. Ce cadrage systématique sur les phénomènes d’addictions, de déviance et de risques pour l’usager·ère ou la société, repérable par exemple dans la majorité des thèses d’histoire soutenues sur la question des psychotropes, occulte l’existence de champs de recherches concernant notamment leurs usages thérapeutiques, pourtant à l’origine de leur intégration aux pratiques des individus occidentaux. Cet article proposera donc un état des lieux analytique et critique de la recherche en histoire prenant pour objet d’étude la « carrière » des stupéfiants en tant que médicaments, un champ principalement dominé, d’une part, par la littérature anglo-américaine, d’autre part par des auteurs et autrices appartenant aux professions médicales et non formé·es à la méthode historique. Il tentera par ailleurs de signaler différentes pistes de recherches qui demeurent à suivre afin d’enrichir nos connaissances sur les usages médicaux de ces substances sulfureuses.</p>
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