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                <title xml:lang="en">Hospital sink drains and wastewater are reservoirs for antibiotic resistant bacteria.</title>
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              <p>Introduction et objectifsLes siphons de lavabos des chambres d’hopital peuvent être des réservoirs de bactéries multi-résistantes auxantibiotiques (BMR) et des sources d’infections nosocomiales pour les patients. Pourtant, leur surveillancemicrobiologique n’est actuellement pas effectuée dans la plupart des hôpitaux. Il n’existe donc pas de compréhensionglobale de la dissémination des BMR, des gènes de résistance aux antimicrobiens (ARG) et des éléments génétiquesmobiles (MGE) via les siphons.L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier la flore totale et la présence de bactéries hautement résistantes émergentes(BHRe), d’ARG et de MGE dans les siphons et dans les eaux usées hospitalières.Matériel et MéthodesDes échantillons de biofilms de siphons de lavabo et d’eaux usées ont été collectés mensuellement de janvier àavril 2023 dans les unités de réanimation adulte et néonatale du CHU Grenoble Alpes. A noter qu’une désinfectionrégulière des lavabos est effectuée dans l’unité de réanimation néonatale mais pas dans l’unité de réanimationadulte. Les échantillons ont été analysés par culture conventionnelle afin d’étudier la flore totale et de rechercherdes BHRe, notamment les entérobactéries productrices de carbapénémases (EPC). Le microbiote a été étudié parmétagénomique via le séquençage complet du gène de l’ARNr 16S. Le résistome a été analysé à l’aide d’une qPCR àhaut débit ciblant plus de 80 ARG et MGE.Résultats, discussion et conclusionLa culture a retrouvé une plus grande diversité d’espèces bacteriennes en réanimation adulte qu’en réanimationnéonatale. Respectivement 15 et 1 EPC ont été isolées des eaux usées hospitalières de réanimation adulte etnéonatale. L’analyse métagénomique a révélé des différences significatives dans la composition du microbioteentre les deux unités. Les eaux usées du service de réanimation adulte contenaient significativement plus d’ARGet de MGE que celles du service de réanimation néonatale. A l’inverse, le résistome des siphons n’était passignificativement différent entre les deux unités, ce qui souligne que les ARG et les MGE restent abondants dans lessiphons, indépendamment de leur composition microbienne et de leur désinfection.L’ensemble de ces résultats confirment que les siphons et les eaux usées hospitalières sont des réservoirs de BHRe,d’ARG et de MGE.</p>
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