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                  <date type="datePub">2025-01-24</date>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Staphylococcus haemolyticus</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">peripherally inserted central catheter</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">umbilical catheter</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">central venous catheter</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">central line associated bacteremia</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">infusion line</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">neonatalogy</term>
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              <p>Introduction: Central venous catheters are critical in preterm neonatal care but increase the risk of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). The incidence of S. haemolyticus-associated CLABSIs in French neonates is increasing, but the mechanisms underlying this trend remain unclear.Methods: We examined microorganisms in 108 central line infusion sets used in preterm infants across 12 neonatal intensive care units, and collected at the time of removal.Results: The infusion sets varied widely in type (28 types; 1-6 parts) and length (10-180 cm, mean 52.9 cm). Contamination was detected in 24 infusion sets (22.2%), mainly by coagulase-negative Staphylococci (50.0%) and Bacillus species (41.7%). Higher contamination rates were linked to longer infusion lines (&amp;gt; 50 cm; p &amp;lt; 0.001), usage beyond 7 days (p = 0.002), and multi-line infusion systems (p &amp;lt; 0.001).Discussion: Our findings are fully consistent with guidelines, which recommend simpler designs and a 4 or 7-day use of infusion sets, emphasizing the importance of adhering to these guidelines to reduce the risk of CLABSIs. Additionally, our findings raise concerns regarding the use of multi-line infusion systems. These devices, which combine extended infusion line length, manufacturer-authorized use of up to 21 days, and intermittent use of certain infusion lines, are easily contaminated during use, creating a high-risk situation for central line contamination.</p>
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