Commuting Patterns and Emissions in Paris-Île-de-France: A Comparative Study of Interregional and Intraregional Travel
Résumé
The Paris-Île-de-France (IDF) region, as the capital of France, exerts significant influence extending beyond its borders. Its robust economy and job market attract a substantial number of commuters from across the country. Interregional commuting to IDF is characterized by longer distances, lower frequencies, and an exclusive reliance on motorized transportation compared to intraregional commuting. To explore this phenomenon, we segmented the French territory into concentric rings centered on Paris and examined the evolution and geographical distribution of interregional commuters to IDF ("outsiders") relative to their distance from Paris. Key commuting variables-distance, frequency, and mode share-were calculated based on the origin and destination rings of the commuters.
Our findings indicate that although outsider drivers constitute only 9% of the regional carcommuting workforce, they cover a total distance nearly equivalent to that of intraregional car commuters. Furthermore, an analysis of commuting emissions revealed that outsiders represent 29% of the total emissions related to IDF employment, with zones outside the Parisian basin contributing 11%. Surprisingly, even though IDF jobs make up 21% of national employment, they only contribute 14.6% of France's total commuting emissions. These results suggest that carbon mitigation policies should be directed not only toward emission-intensive suburban commuters but also those from outside the Parisian basin. The study highlights a significant disparity in commuting emissions among IDF commuters, largely due to the high number of outsiders.
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