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            <title xml:lang="en">Isotopic anomaly in dimer emission from alloy liquid-metal-ion-source mass spectroscopy</title>
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                <forename type="first">Jean</forename>
                <surname>van de Walle</surname>
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                <forename type="first">René-Jean</forename>
                <surname>Tarento</surname>
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                <forename type="first">Pierre</forename>
                <surname>Joyes</surname>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics (1998-2015)&lt;/i&gt;, 1996, 54 (1), pp.261-265. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.261"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1103/PhysRevB.54.261&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PSUD">Université Paris Sud - Paris XI</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PARIS-SACLAY">Université Paris-Saclay</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PSUD-SACLAY" corresp="UNIV-PARIS-SACLAY">Université Paris Sud pour Paris Saclay</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GS-PHYSIQUE">Graduate School Physique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LPSO">Laboratoire de Physique des Solides d'Orsay</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Isotopic anomaly in dimer emission from alloy liquid-metal-ion-source mass spectroscopy</title>
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                    <forename type="first">Jean</forename>
                    <surname>van de Walle</surname>
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                    <forename type="first">René-Jean</forename>
                    <surname>Tarento</surname>
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                    <forename type="first">Pierre</forename>
                    <surname>Joyes</surname>
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                <title level="j">Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics (1998-2015)</title>
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                  <biblScope unit="pp">261-265</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">1996</date>
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              <p>In a pure copper liquid-metal-ion source (LMIS) the three (Formula presented) isotopes are emitted with intensities close to the natural abundances while for a (Formula presented)(Formula presented) LMIS we only observe the (Formula presented)(Formula presented) and (Formula presented)(Formula presented) homoisotopic species. A similar phenomenon appears for the emission of (Formula presented) from pure germanium compared to a (Formula presented)(Formula presented) alloy. We observe that the emission of the heteroisotopes is strongly reduced in the alloy case. We propose the following interpretation. In the electric-field zone close to the surface the two atoms of the heteroisotopic ion have different trajectories. As a consequence the molecular (Formula presented) ion (M=Cu or Ge) is deformed and an electronic excitation appears which makes easier the tunneling of the outer electron from (Formula presented) to the bulk available levels of the liquid metal or alloy. Moreover, the electronic structure of the alloy is such that the tunneling effect is easier than for the metal (for example, the work function is larger for (Formula presented)(Formula presented) than for Cu). Then, the absence or reduction of the (Formula presented) or (Formula presented) heteroisotope intensities in alloy LMIS would be due to the conjunction of two effects: presence of an electronic excitation specific to heteroisotopes and easier tunneling effect for alloys.</p>
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