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            <funder>The authors address many thanks to the Gasnier and Schneider family for kindly lending us their Rainergy system and their availability. Airbee and Damien Marcel for their ideas. And thanks to the ADEME, the Région Grand Est and InterCarnot as well for their financial support. Thanks to Nat and Lisa for taking the time to make this manuscript more readable in English.</funder>
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              <p>With increasingly frequent and severe heatwaves and droughts, the building sector need to develop solutions to ensure summer comfort and water management. This paper presents a concept of hybrid geothermal rainwater tanks. It consists of a buried rainwater tank and an immersed coiled heat exchanger that harvests shallow geothermal energy. It is a solution for passive cooling of buildings and water management. The paper investigates the thermal potential of the concept through the study of two in-situ experimental prototypes over more than two years with a fine-grained data acquisition (10 min time step). The behaviour of this “free-surface” water storage is described in detail, in particular the variation of the water stratification throughout the year : from no stratification in winter to a maximum of 2.5°C/m at the beginning of summer. The influence of rainwater entering the tank is studied: the influence of precipitation is positive in winter, autumn and spring. In summer, the influence is at least neutral, at best positive, because the rain temperature is close to the wet bulb temperature. The system managed to produce between 330 and 450 kWh (3 kWh/m2 of buildings) of cooling energy with power peaks of 1 kW. Thanks to the system, the buildings remained comfortable (&amp;lt;26°C) throughout the summer. Geothermal rainwater tanks can also substitute electrical anti-frost heater in winter. The performances are similar to climatic wells but the advantages of the system lies in its hybrid nature : it fulfills two functions and has a low ground surface area.</p>
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