Evaluating the air quality transmission among Southeast Asian cities
Résumé
This study evaluates the air quality transmission among Southeast Asian cities which include Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Bangkok, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, and Jakarta. We investigate the daily air quality datasets from 28 August 2019 to 04 April 2023 using the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity modeling framework combined with the conditional correlation mechanism. We find significant bilateral interactions between Ho Chi Minh City and Bangkok and between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. In specific, the air quality in Ho Chi Minh City and Bangkok positively affects to each other. Besides, the air quality in Singapore positively drives the air quality in Kuala Lumpur, but the inverse relation is negative. These findings preliminary suggest bilateral environmental agreements among subregions of Southeast Asia. Such treaties are expected to lay the background for future agenda in relation to environmental protection, especially in pursuit of sustainable development.
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