"Slow Violence and the Legacy of Conflict in Northern Ireland”
Résumé
This paper seeks to explore the connections between slow violence and the ways in which the contentious issues of conflict legacies have been addressed in Northern Ireland since the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Lauded internationally, the Northern Ireland peace process delivered a significant reduction in direct violence, a novel set of institutional arrangements, and established wide-ranging guarantees on equality of opportunity, human rights and the rule of law, with the hope of reconciliation. However, twenty-five years on from the Agreement, enduring schisms remain in post-conflict Northern Ireland, suggesting it remains trapped in its violent past.
While the Agreement planned for significant structural changes to address the underlying causes of the violent conflict, it did not propose a comprehensive set of mechanisms to deal with its enduring legacies. Despite persistent demands to deliver, for victims/survivors of the conflict, on truth, justice and reparations, existing mechanisms have proven wholly inadequate, and the recently enacted Northern Ireland Troubles (Legacy and Reconciliation) Act 2023 has been met with widespread hostility.
Drawing on empirical research which gathered everyday indicators of reconciliation from hyperlocal communities in Northern Ireland, this paper reflects on successive attempts and failures to institute a comprehensive process to deal with the legacy issues, and their pervasive impact on the quality of reconciliation achieved to date. We argue that the failure to deal with the legacy issues is a form of slow violence, hidden in plain sight yet seriously detrimental to any reduction of deep societal divisions and positive transformation of damaged relationships.