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                <title xml:lang="fr">Analyses des sillons viscoélastiques lors d'un contact entre une pointe rigide et la surface d'un polymère</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">scratch</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">polymer</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">viscoelastic contact</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">friction</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">finite element modelling</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">simulation numérique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">frottement</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">contact viscoélastique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">polymères</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Rayure</term>
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              <p>By comparison with metallic or ceramic surfaces, plastic deformation imposed by a rigid moving tip into a polymeric surface may self heal with time in the case of ductile scratch without any damage or cracks around residual imprint. This ability is related to the mechanical behavior of such surfaces especially their viscoelastic and elastic-plastic rheological properties. From experimental results obtained using our specific experimental scratch set-up allowing in situ observations of the true contact area during indentation and scratch, viscoelastic recovery at the rear of the contact between a spherical indenter (R = 200 μm) and the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) surface has been analyzed as a function of the ratio a/R (with a, the contact radius) and the friction coefficient $\mu_{loc}$. The geometrical shapes of the residual groove have been mathematically modeled using an exponential decay law function. Experimental results, coupled with corresponding finite element modeling show that self healing mechanisms can be correlated with the average plastic strain beneath the indenter during scratch.</p>
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              <p>Les polymères possèdent comme spécificité un comportement viscoélastique prononcé même à température ambiante. Ainsi, sous certaines conditions, une rayure peut donc cicatriser. Cette aptitude est reliée aux déformations imposées lors du contact, fonction de la géométrie de la pointe, du frottement interfacial, et de la rhéologie du matériau. De plus, cette aptitude est conditionnée par l'existence d'un sillon ductile. Le sillon doit en effet présenter le moins de fissures ou de craquelures possible. À partir des observations in-situ offerte par notre dispositif expérimental de "microvisioscratch", nous avons analysé la recouvrance de surfaces de PMMA rayées par des pointes sphériques de rayon R = 200 μm. La forme du sillon laissée sur la surface a été relevée et le profil lissé par une fonction exponentielle définie par un temps caractéristiques. L'évolution des paramètres de lissage en fonction du frottement vrai local $\mu_{loc}$ et du rapport a/R (avec a, le rayon de contact) a été étudiée. Ces résultats expérimentaux complétés par des simulations numériques du test de rayure montrent que la cicatrisation est bien dépendante de la déformation plastique générée lors du contact.</p>
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