About the interest of LED-driven microstructured reactors for implementing efficiently sensitized photooxygenations: chemical engineering insights
Résumé
Organic photochemistry has emerged a key synthesis pathway in sustainable chemistry [1-2] due to its ability to create molecular complexity and diversity with a “flick of a switch”, often in one step. Sensitized photooxygenations are particularly attractive (e.g. photooxygenations of terpenes or the synthesis of the antimalarial drug artemisinin) [3-4]: singlet oxygen 1O2 is here generated by photosensitization of triplet (ground state) molecular oxygen 3O2, most often in the visible range with catalytic amounts of an organic sensitizer (dye). When compared to chemical pathways, this route avoids the use of strong or hazardous oxidants. Despite this, these reactions have not found widespread implementations in the chemical industry, mainly due to currently available technology based on outdated batch reactors (poor light penetration, high dilution) equipped with energy demanding mercury lamps (intensive cooling and optical filter needs). Continuous flow microstructured technologies have recently emerged as alternatives to batch processing and their suitability for photoreactions has been highlighted [5-6]; the combination with narrowly emitting LED light sources additionally enables energy savings, increased yields and selectivity. At present, however, there are few attempts to understand these benefits using a chemical engineering approach.
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