The history of biometric authentication and identification using photoplethysmography (PPG): a twenty years systematic literature review
Abstract
In this paper, we made a systematic literature review of the authentication systems based on PPG. We collected and filtered more than 700 papers, giving us 44 relevant papers. For each of these papers, we analyzed the employed methodology developed by authors to authenticate persons from their PPG record. We compared all the major phases: signal recording, noise filtering, feature extraction, and classification. The main observation is the heterogeneous conditions limiting the ability of researchers to compare their work on a common basis. Thus, in this survey, a common methodology is proposed to the community. Upon adoption, this could enable the community to compare their methods uniformly. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to provide a systematic literature review which gather all the papers talking about biometric authentication with PPG published between 2003 and late 2022.
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