Increased evolutionary rate in the Z-chromosome of sympatric and allopatric species of Morpho butterflies - Archive ouverte HAL
Article Dans Une Revue Genome Biology and Evolution Année : 2024

Increased evolutionary rate in the Z-chromosome of sympatric and allopatric species of Morpho butterflies

Résumé

Abstract Divergent evolution of genomes among closely related species is shaped by both neutral processes and ecological forces, such as local adaptation and reinforcement. These factors can drive accelerated evolution of sex chromosomes relative to autosomes. Comparative genomic analyses between allopatric and sympatric species with overlapping or divergent ecological niches offer insights into reinforcement and ecological specialization on genome evolution. In the butterfly genus Morpho, several species coexist in sympatry, with specialization across forest strata and temporal niches. We analyzed the genomes of eight Morpho species, along with previously published genomes of three others, to compare chromosomal rearrangements and signs of positive selection in the Z chromosome vs autosomes. We found extensive chromosomal rearrangements in Z chromosome, particularly in sympatric species with similar ecological niches, suggesting a role for inversions in restricting gene flow at a postzygotic level. Z-linked genes also exhibited significantly higher dN/dS ratios than autosomal genes across the genus, with pronounced differences in closely related species living in sympatry. Additionally, we examined the evolution of eight circadian clock genes, detecting positive selection in Period, located on the Z chromosome. Our findings suggest that the Z chromosome evolves more rapidly than autosomes, particularly among closely related species, raising questions about its role in pre- and post-zygotic isolation mechanisms.
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hal-04754094 , version 1 (25-10-2024)

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Manuela López Villavicencio, Joséphine Ledamoisel, Riccardo Poloni, Céline Lopez-Roques, Vincent Debat, et al.. Increased evolutionary rate in the Z-chromosome of sympatric and allopatric species of Morpho butterflies. Genome Biology and Evolution, 2024, ⟨10.1093/gbe/evae227⟩. ⟨hal-04754094⟩
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