Effect of Alcohol and Cocaine Abuse on Neuronal and Non-Neuronal Cell Turnover in the Adult Human Hippocampus - Archive ouverte HAL
Pré-Publication, Document De Travail Année : 2024

Effect of Alcohol and Cocaine Abuse on Neuronal and Non-Neuronal Cell Turnover in the Adult Human Hippocampus

Kanar Alkass
  • Fonction : Auteur
Embla Steiner
  • Fonction : Auteur
Tara Wardi Le Maître
  • Fonction : Auteur
Gopalakrishnan Dhanabalan
  • Fonction : Auteur
Mikael Landén
  • Fonction : Auteur
Kirsty Spalding
Jonas Frisén
Deborah Mash
  • Fonction : Auteur
Henrik Druid
  • Fonction : Auteur

Résumé

Abstract Clinical studies on humans with a history of chronic abuse of alcohol or cocaine show cognitive impairments associated with hippocampal atrophy. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a process important for memory formation and has been shown to be impaired by alcohol and cocaine in rodent models. It has thus been suggested that a reduction in adult neurogenesis may contribute to cognitive dysfunctions seen in patients with abuse. In addition, reduced adult neurogenesis has been suggested to play a role in the pathology of addiction vulnerability. We have previously demonstrated persistent adult hippocampal neurogenesis throughout life by measuring 14 C concentrations in genomic DNA, incorporated during cell division, in a mixed cohort of subjects. In this study, we use the same strategy to assess the extent of cell turnover of neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the hippocampus of humans with known history of alcohol and cocaine abuse and compare these with healthy controls. We find that there is significant neuronal and non-neuronal turnover in healthy controls, as well as in individuals with long term alcohol use orcocaine use. Using mathematical modelling, we compare the extent of cell turnover of neurons and non-neuronal cells and did not find any significant difference between healthy controls and the two addiction groups. While we cannot exclude scenarios of altered adult neurogenesis over shorter periods of time, our data does not support the theory of low neurogenesis as a mechanism of addiction vulnerability.
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Dates et versions

hal-04747840 , version 1 (22-10-2024)

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Kanar Alkass, Embla Steiner, Samuel Bernard, Tara Wardi Le Maître, Gopalakrishnan Dhanabalan, et al.. Effect of Alcohol and Cocaine Abuse on Neuronal and Non-Neuronal Cell Turnover in the Adult Human Hippocampus. 2024. ⟨hal-04747840⟩
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