From Where They Were: From Where They Were: Resistance by Romani Circus People during the Second World War
Résumé
This chapter postulates that the Second World War in France was not a rupture but rather a continuity for the Romani people. Subjects to discrimination for decades, they developed a permanent habitus of adaptation (Bourdieu) and a posture of defiance (James Scott) interpreted as a constant form of resistance. Based on the Bouglione circus family experience, less known Romani circus families (Seneca, Esther), and the testimony of late Raymond Gurême, this chapter resorts to the meaning of diverting to support the demonstration. By taking advantage of their way of life, from where they were, men and women acted, from relieving the despair and suffering of internees, through the art of escape, to supporting resistance networks. Furthermore, it questions (1) the reasons for the persistent silence of historians on Romani resistance during the War and (2) the place of resistance in the life of Roma. It concludes that for the Romani people, silencing all their actions during the Second World War is strategically deliberate.