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              <p>Urban vegetation acts as a microclimate regulator through transpiration and by providing shade for pedestrians and facades, thereby reducing surface temperatures of buildings and ground. The intensity of this phenomenon depends on the characteristics of the tree (species, leaf density, size, crown geometry, proximity to buildings, isolated or park trees), the soil and the surrounding environment. Street trees can have a significant impact on air and surface cooling, with a potential decrease of 2°C to 3°C and more than 10°C respectively (Gillner et al., 2015). The project TIR4sTREEt (Thermal Infrared for Street Trees) aims to enhance our understanding and quantify the effect of three different species of street trees on urban climate, with a particular focus on surface temperature. To achieve this, the project's first objective is to conduct full-scale measurement campaigns of both seasonal street microclimate (soil, air, buildings) and tree functioning. The second objective is to develop a methodology for merging the geometry of an urban scene with the measured surface temperatures. The thermal 3D model can be used, in a third objective, to validate estimates produced by microclimatic simulation tools, currently being developed by the consortium, namely the LASER/F model (LAtent SEnsible Radiation Fluxes) adapted to the scale of a district (Kastendeuch et al., 2017) and the RATP model (Radiation Absorption, Transpiration and Photosynthesis), operating at the scale of an individual tree (Sinoquet et al., 2001). By coupling both, it is possible to analyse and model the impact of trees and urban morphology on the urban climate. In the long term, these findings will help urban planners to propose greening scenarios and thus improve the ambient climate.</p>
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              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.irstea.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>