Moll Cutpurse: a radical performer or a typical cross-dressed woman of the early modern era?
Résumé
Among the numerous cross-dressed heroines of early modern drama, Moll Cutpurse, the protagonist of The Roaring Girl by Thomas Middleton and Thomas Dekker (1611) stands apart. Just like Mary Frith, the historical figure that inspired her character, Moll wears masculine and feminine clothes and uses phallic accessories such as a pipe or a sword. If cross-dressing was common on the Elizabethan and Jacobean stage, as to be seen through the characters of Portia in The Merchant of Venice or Viola in Twelfth Night, Moll is yet described as an anomaly or a supernatural being that provokes laughter and awe: “A creature […] nature brought forth / To mock the sex of woman” (I.2.128-129). She seems to embody gender performance as Judith Butler defined it and numerous words are used to define it, be it by the critics or by the other characters of the play: hermaphrodite, monster, transvestite. Why is it so difficult to define her? What issues does she embody? Do we not try to define a character that refuses to be defined?