FEMALE COSTUME OF THE EAST GERMANIC TRADITION FEATURING LARGE TWO-PLATE BROOCHES IN THE CIMMERIAN BOSPORUS AND NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE MIGRATION PERIOD
Женский костюм восточногерманской традиции с большими двупластинчатыми фибулами на Боспоре Киммерийском и на Северном Кавказе в эпоху Великого переселения народов.
Abstract
This article examines the female costume of the East Germanic tradition, which became widespread during the Migration Period in both the North Caucasus and Crimea. This costume is characterized by one or two large two-plate brooches worn on the chest or shoulders. In Crimea and Taman, this style was considered prestigious in the first half of the 5th century. In the Caucasus, most burials featuring this costume were found along the Black Sea coast of the North Caucasus, primarily at the Dyurso burial ground near Novorossiysk. In the 6th century, written sources document the presence of the Tetraxite Goths in this region. It is known that in the 5th century, these groups migrated from Eastern Crimea to the Northwestern Caucasus. The prominent two-plate brooches and their smaller versions have been identified at Proto-Adyghe sites in the Kuban and Northeastern Black Sea areas, specifically of the Pashkovsky-Karpovka type. The costume featuring two two-plate brooches has been established as prestigious, at least among the Tetraxite Goths, who are associated with the Durso necropolis. The graves containing these outfits typically had a rich assortment of burial goods. The costume featuring two-plate brooches on the chest and shoulders has its origins in the East Germanic tradition. Its prototype is known from sites of the Chernyakhov culture, where it was particularly widespread. During the Hunnic period, this costume, adorned with small two-plate brooches, spread to the Northern Black Sea region and laid the foundation for the development of the "princely" costume distinguished by large two-plate brooches. By the second half of the 5th century, this elite costume had become typical for the East Germanic "middle class" and was prevalent in Barbaricum. The transformation and adaptation of the prestigious Germanic costume with two-plate brooches across vast areas of Eurasia -from the Atlantic and Baltic to the Caspian and Aral Sea regions -occurred in the context of a significant dissemination of various components of material culture, including costume elements of different tribes and peoples. This transformation unfolded against the backdrop of an unprecedented growth of active and diverse ethnocultural ties during the Migration Period.
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