Lipid droplets degradation mechanisms from microalgae to mammals, a comparative overview
Résumé
Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles composed of a hydrophobic core (mostly triacylglycerols and steryl esters) delineated by a lipid monolayer and found throughout the tree of life. LDs were seen for a long time as simple energy storage organelles but recent works highlighted their versatile roles in several fundamental cellular processes, particularly during stress response. LDs biogenesis occurs in the ER and their number and size can be dynamically regulated depending on their function, e.g. during development or stress. Understanding their biogenesis and degradation mechanisms is thus essential to better apprehend their roles. LDs degradation can occur in the cytosol by lipolysis or after their internalization into lytic compartments (e.g. vacuoles or lysosomes) using diverse mechanisms that depend on the considered organism, tissue, developmental stage or environmental condition. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the different LDs degradation pathways in several main phyla of model organisms, unicellular or pluricellular, photosynthetic or not (budding yeast, mammals, land plants and microalgae). We highlight the conservation of the main degradation pathways throughout evolution, but also the differences between organisms, or inside an organism between different organs. Finally, we discuss how this comparison can help to shed light on relationships between LDs degradation pathways and LDs functions.
Mots clés
- chaperone-mediated autophagy
- endosomal sorting complex required for transport
- CMA
- cholesteryl ester
- CE
- Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)
- mechanistic target of rapamycin PtdIns
- monoacylglycerol mTOR
- DAG
- diacylglycerol
- ER
- endoplasmic reticulum
- ESCRT
- cholesteryl ester CMA
- FA
- PtdIns
- fatty acid
- LD
- Lipid droplet
- MAG
- monoacylglycerol
- mTOR
- mechanistic target of rapamycin
- Lipid droplet MAG
- Lipid droplets Lipolysis Lipophagy AMPK
- Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) CE
- chaperone-mediated autophagy DAG
- diacylglycerol ER
- endoplasmic reticulum ESCRT
- endosomal sorting complex required for transport FA
- fatty acid LD
Domaines
| Origine | Publication financée par une institution |
|---|---|
| Licence |