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2021, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
The problem of waste management in some poor countries is usually linked to their non-preliminary quantification. This study aims at quantifying the flow of paper and cardboard waste in Maroua town and to evaluate its recycling capacity for combustible briquettes production. Paper and cardboard wastes produced by households, public sector, private organizations and shopping centers were collected and quantify. The production of combustible briquettes with this type of material was evaluated. Some physicochemical parameters as moisture content, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content and ash content of the briquettes were evaluated. The environmental impacts of the use of the briquettes were determined. Globally, annual flow of total rejected papers waste was found to be around 81,713.00 kg in Maroua town. Moisture content of combustible briquettes produced and dried at room temperature during 7 days is 4.02±0.47%. Higher fixed carbon content has been observed with combustibles briquettes made with waste pretreated with alkali solution (39.99±9.0 %). With total amount of 81.7 tons of paper waste rejected each year by targeted sectors of this study, it is estimated the production of 102.141 tons of combustible briquettes. This was found to be equal to about 153.2 tons of firewood use as combustible. It appears that the recycling for the cooking energy production of paper and cardboard wastes could significantly reduce the firewood consumption and thus deforestation.
2014 •
In Burundi, the problem of solid waste management is acute as dependence on wood and charcoal as solid fuel is creating a major problem of deforestation [1]. The purpose of this work is to promote material and energy valorization of solid waste in Bujumbura where a preliminary study has been realized showing the inventory with the composition and the quantification of MSW (0.6 kg/day.capita). The present work is especially devoted the characterization of the briquettes made by using specific solid waste in a process developed by Bioernergy Burundi enterprise [2]. A random sampling of 3 briquettes from a 5kg package is used for the determination of their characteristics to meet the criteria to be used as solid fuel substitute. Materials to be characterized in this work are briquettes manufactured by Bionergy Burundi Enterprise [2] and their ashes. The process is using a specific solid waste mixture. The mixture consists of residues of charcoal, dry Eragrostis grass, sawdust and wood ...
2015 •
Procedia Manufacturing 30
Charcoal Briquettes from Madan Wood Waste as an Alternative Energy in Thailand2019 •
The objective of this study was to manufacture charcoal briquettes from the agricultural wastes and investigate the properties of these briquettes. Madan wood (MW) and coconut shell (CS) were used as raw materials in this work. Two types of crushed charcoal was mixed with cassava starch and molded before they were air-dried. Four different mixing ratios of charcoal powder from Madan wood and coconut shell: MW (100%), MW:CS (80%:20%), MW:CS (50%:50%) and CS (100%) were used in this research. Following the ASTM standard, each type of charcoal briquettes was characterized and analyzed for their physical-chemical properties including moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon, calorific value, bulk density, burning rate and heat utilization efficiency. The results revealed that charcoal briquettes made from Madan wood (100%) had the highest calorific value of 6,622 cal/g. Madan wood waste could be considered as a potential renewable raw material to manufacture briquette as alternative energy source.
Pre-treatment of paper waste cartons for making briquettes fuels that can be used in substitution of safe firewood for the environment is one of the means of management efficient waste. The objective of this work is the pre-treatment of paper and cardboard waste with locally available products. The stadium preliminary waste pretreatment paper-cardboard consisted for a time of average maceration of 84.21 hours in NaCl (0.1mol, pH 5) to separate the particles coarse paper fiber. De-inking with weak acid solutions (CH3COOH, 0.1 mole/liter, Ph 3), strong acid (H2SO4, 0.1 mole/liter, Ph 4) and weak alkali solutions (NaOH, 0.1 mole/liter, Ph 8) have made it possible to obtain the same level of average deinking which is 45, while in a strong alkali solution (NaClO, 0.1 mole/liter, Ph 9), the deinking proved to be a little more important of the average order of 57. The ratio COD/BOD5 between 3.39 and 14.96 allowed to consider a physicochemical pretreatment. The leachate resulting from de-inking has been decontaminated using the filters and have been reused or discarded without major danger to the environment while the polluting residues were buried in the unload. Fuel briquettes made from untreated paper-cardboard have a power calorific value is 12.53 MJ / Kg, very close to those completely deinked which is 12.65 MJ/Kg.
2019 •
The study was undertaken to evaluate the combustion properties of briquettes from wood and agricultural wastes. Terminalia superba sawdust and banana leaves were used and cow dung acting as binder in varying mixing ratios. The briquettes were produced using an automatic press at a constant compaction pressure of 1.77kN/m 2 and the substrate were combined at ratios 5:1:4, 4:4:2, 3:2:5, and 2:5:3, the briquettes produced were subjected to combustion tests. Combustion related properties such as percentage volatile matter, percentage ash of the briquettes were determined. The compressed density ranged between 517.09 ± 35.40kg/í µí± 3 and 571.29 ± 28.73kg/í µí± 3 , while the reduction in density which signifies the rate at which the briquettes reduced in density after compression and relaxation ranged between 46.82±2.56kg/í µí± 3 and 55.81±1.80kg/í µí± 3 respectively. The result from this study shown that briquette in ratios of 2:5:3 and 3:2:5 show better combustion properties than others.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Production of charcoal briquettes from biomass for community use2018 •
2021 •
Biomass is by far the most important primary energy source in Nepal. Heavy dependence on traditional source and waste management resulting from agricultural waste is one of the major problem in our country. Briquetting from agricultural waste can be an option for resource management. This study was undertaken to investigate the physical and combustion properties of briquettes produced from dried banana tree waste (leaves + pseudostem). Altogether four types of briquettes were produced, two from uncharred biomass using screw extruder and hydraulic jack briquetting machine and other two briquettes were produced from charred biomass/charcoal using screw extruder and beehive briquetting machine. For uncharred briquette, the density of screw extruder briquette (1.06 g/cm3) was higher than hydraulic briquette (0.33 g/cm3). For charred briquette, the density was higher (0.72 g/cm3) for screw extruder than beehive briquette (0.44 g/cm3). The Moisture content of briquettes varied from 7.23% ...
2018 •
The present study focused on the combustion of four types of briquettes made from paper and cardboard waste produced in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Rotary and tubular kilns were used to study the combustion. The combustion mean temperatures, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) content in the ash and heavy metals content in the ash and the flue gas were analyzed. The combustion steady phase mean temperatures ranged from 950 °C to 750 °C were obtained according to briquettes type. The temperature favored the transfer of the heavy metal in the flue gas comparatively to the ash mainly for Hg, Cd and Pb. The Pb, Hg and Mn content in flue gas and the ash are higher than their content in the parent wood used for paper production due to the additive during the manufacturing process. The results showed a high content of heavy metal in flue gas produced by combustion of briquette made with office paper and in the ash for the briquette made of corrugated cardboard. Furthermore, the low he...
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