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                <term xml:lang="en">Ferronickel slags</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Mechano-chemical processing</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Leaching</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Passivation layer</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Aqueous mineral carbonation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Ferronickel slags</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Chalcopyrite</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Nickel metal Ni-MH hydride batteries</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Mechano-chemical processing Leaching Passivation layer Aqueous mineral carbonation Ferronickel slags Chalcopyrite Nickel metal Ni-MH hydride batteries</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Couche de passivation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Batteries Ni-MH nickel-hydrure métallique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Chalcopyrite</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Scories de ferronickel</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Carbonatation minérale aqueuse</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Lixiviation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Traitement mécano-chimique</term>
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              <p>The overall performance of hydrometallurgical leaching operations can be limited by the presence of various types of insoluble layers coating the surface of the treated solids. The attrition-leaching process, which is carried out in a stirred reactor containing millimetric beads, can partially overcome this problem and increase the extraction yield by physically abrading the layers. Through a comparative analysis of three different systems, this work develops a constructive discussion of the attrition-leaching process. The systems of interest are (i) mineral carbonation of ferronickel slag, (ii) dissolution of a chalcopyrite concentrate in sulfuric media, and (iii) dissolution of spent Ni-MH battery black mass powder in sulfuric media. In the case of ferronickel slag and chalcopyrite, the reaction yields are improved by a factor of 10 with attrition-leaching compared to leaching only, while there is no yield improvement in the case of Ni-MH black mass batteries, highlighting that the layers observed on the grain surface do not interfere with the leaching reaction. Despite very different system chemistries and conditions, the particle size distribution is similar for the three materials, showing that particles’ behavior is controlled by the attrition environment. This work offers a simple setup for investigating the potential improvements of the kinetics and yields of leaching reaction due to concomitant attrition. It also allows a fundamental study of the physico-chemical processes involved, by testing whether a leaching reaction is hindered by an in situ passivation at the surface of a material.</p>
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              <p>Les performances des opérations de lixiviation hydrométallurgique peuvent être limitées par la présence de différents types de couches insolubles recouvrant la surface des solides traités. Le procédé d’attrition-lixiviante, réalisé dans un réacteur agité contenant des billes millimétriques, peut partiellement aider à surmonter ce problème et augmenter le rendement de l’extraction en abrasant physiquement ces couches. Grâce à une analyse comparative de trois systèmes différents, ce travail propose une discussion sur le procédé d’attrition-lixiviante. Les systèmes étudiés sont (i) la carbonatation minérale des scories de ferronickel, (ii) la dissolution de chalcopyrite en milieu sulfurique, et (iii) la dissolution de « black mass » de batteries Ni-MH en milieu sulfurique. Dans le cas des scories de ferronickel et de la chalcopyrite, les rendements de réaction sont améliorés d’un facteur 10 environ avec l’attrition-lixiviation par rapport à la lixiviation seule, alors qu’il n’y a pas d’amélioration du rendement dans le cas des « black mass » de batteries Ni-MH, ce qui montre que les couches observées à la surface des grains n’interfèrent pas avec la réaction de lixiviation. Malgré des chimies et des conditions très différentes, la distribution de la taille des particules est similaire pour les trois matériaux, ce qui montre que le comportement des particules est contrôlé par l’environnement d’attrition. Ce procédé offre une configuration simple pour étudier les améliorations potentielles sur la cinétique et les rendements de la réaction de lixiviation avec une attrition simultané. Il permet également une étude fondamentale des processus physico-chimiques impliqués, en testant si une réaction de lixiviation est entravée par une passivation in situ à la surface d’un matériau.</p>
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